Unit 5 Biology Aqa

Unit 5 Biology notes

Contents

Section 9.1 – Sensory Reception 3
Section 9.2 – Nervous Control 4
Section 9.3 – Control of heart rate 5
Section 9.4 – Role of receptors 6
Section 10.1 – Coordination 8
Section 10.2 – Neurons 10
Section 10.3 – The nerve impulse 11
Section 10.5 – The speed of a nerve impulse 12
Section 10.6/10.7 – Structure and function of the synapse / Transmission across a synapse 13
Section 11.1 – Structure of skeletal muscle 15
Section 11.2 - contraction of skeletal muscle 17
Section 12.1 – Principle of homeostasis 19
Section 12.2 - Thermoregulation 20
Section 12.3/12/4 – Hormones and the regulations of blood glucose/Diabetes and its control 22
Section 13.1 – The principles of feedback mechanisms 24
Section 13.2 – The oestrous cycle 25
Section 14.1 – Structure of ribonucleic acid 26
Section 14.2 – Polypeptide synthesis – transcription and splicing 27
Section 14.3 – Polypeptide synthesis – translation 28
Section 14.4 – Gene mutation 29
Section 15.1 – Totipotency and cells specialisation 31
Section 15.2 – Regulation of transcription and translation 32
Section 16.1 – Producing DNA fragments 33
Section 16.2 – In vivo gene cloning – the use of vectors 34
Section 16.3 – In vitro gene cloning – the polymerase chain reaction 36
Section 16.4 – Use of recombinant DNA technology 37
Section 16.5 - Gene therapy 38
Section 16.6 – Locating and sequencing genes 40
Section 16.7 - Screening for clinically important genes 42
Section 16.8 – Genetic fingerprinting 43

Section 9.1 – Sensory Reception

• A stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment of an organism that produces a response. • The ability to respond to a stimulus increases an organism’s chances of survival. • Receptors transfer the energy of a stimulus into a form