Exam 4 Review Biology 110
Chapter 10 and 11– Homework
1. Describe the stages of transcription.
A. Begins when RNA polymerase binds to promoter
B. RNA polymerase moves along DNA, adding complimentary ribonucleotides, until the end of the gene is reached
C. RNA polymerase can only add to the 3’ end
D. Transcription occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction
E. An RNA transcript is the end result
F. All three types of RNA are transcribed from DNA
Name 3 classes of RNA and their function.
Ribosomal RNA, which is the site of protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA, which transports the correct amino acids to ribosomes and pairs them up.
Messenger RNA, which is the genetic blue print for making proteins.
2. What is the function of RNA polymerase and the promoter?
It adds complimentary ribonucleotides and a promoter is the base sequence in the DNA that signals the start of a gene.
3. List 3 ways RNA is modified.
Addition of a 5’ cap, Addition of a 3’ poly A tail, and introns being removed.
4. What is the genetic code? What does it mean to state the genetic code is redundant and practically universal?
Most of the code is the same for all organisms.
5. What is the difference between an anticodon and a codon?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code of DNA or RNA. An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in the transfer RNA.
6. Describe the stages of translation. Include initiation, elongation and termination in your explanation.
The initiator tRNA binds to small ribosomal subunits. mRNA passes through, tRNAs deliver amino acids to the ribosomal binding site in the elongation, a stop codon in the mRNA moves onto the ribosomal binding site in termination, proteins called release factors bind to the ribosome, and mRNA and polypeptide are released.
7. Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
8. Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
9. What happens to newly formed polypeptides?
Some enter the
1. Describe the stages of transcription.
A. Begins when RNA polymerase binds to promoter
B. RNA polymerase moves along DNA, adding complimentary ribonucleotides, until the end of the gene is reached
C. RNA polymerase can only add to the 3’ end
D. Transcription occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction
E. An RNA transcript is the end result
F. All three types of RNA are transcribed from DNA
Name 3 classes of RNA and their function.
Ribosomal RNA, which is the site of protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA, which transports the correct amino acids to ribosomes and pairs them up.
Messenger RNA, which is the genetic blue print for making proteins.
2. What is the function of RNA polymerase and the promoter?
It adds complimentary ribonucleotides and a promoter is the base sequence in the DNA that signals the start of a gene.
3. List 3 ways RNA is modified.
Addition of a 5’ cap, Addition of a 3’ poly A tail, and introns being removed.
4. What is the genetic code? What does it mean to state the genetic code is redundant and practically universal?
Most of the code is the same for all organisms.
5. What is the difference between an anticodon and a codon?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code of DNA or RNA. An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in the transfer RNA.
6. Describe the stages of translation. Include initiation, elongation and termination in your explanation.
The initiator tRNA binds to small ribosomal subunits. mRNA passes through, tRNAs deliver amino acids to the ribosomal binding site in the elongation, a stop codon in the mRNA moves onto the ribosomal binding site in termination, proteins called release factors bind to the ribosome, and mRNA and polypeptide are released.
7. Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
8. Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
9. What happens to newly formed polypeptides?
Some enter the