Wala Lang

CHAPTER I: BACKGROUND AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Based on the Philippines Republic Act 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Act, the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which shall: (a) Ensure the protection of the public health and environment; (b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources; (c) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practice in ecological waste management excluding incineration; (d) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste. Green practices are one of the ways use to implement the said policy. Green practices are methods or techniques in improving environmental quality, decreasing waste and conservation of natural resource and energy. It is also an ecological practice that maintains and restores the health of natural ecosystem. Green practices involve different waste management’s and methods. They include the 3R’s of waste management, which is known to be recycling, reusing and reducing likewise the waste segregation.
The 3R’s (recycle, reusing, reducing) is one of the simple things people can do for the earth. It can be tough to change habits, especially people are bombarded to buy more and try to the latest, greatest convenience fad. The First R is Recycling. It is a method of processing used material into new product to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduces or pollutions and water pollution by reducing the need for conventional waste disposal and lower greenhouse gas emission as compare to virgin productions. Reusing is the second R. It is the process of restoring a product that has been used for a long period of time, or using such products that still has ability to satisfy the consumer satisfaction. This process helps in minimizing waste, and in saving energy and money. The Third and the last R is Reducing. Reducing is the process and the policy of inducing amount of waste produced by a person or a society. Reducing involves efforts to minimize resource and energy use during manufacture.
Waste segregation is the process of dividing garbage and waste products in an effort to reduce reuse and recycle materials. Ultimately waste segregation boils down to waste management. Waste management is the process of disposing, processing, recycling and refining waste materials. Waste segregation is a big part of the waste management process.
3R’s (Recycle Reuse and Reduce) and waste segregation are the green practices that the Adamson Hospitality Management Students must apply thus, the researchers chose topic about the “Green Practices of Hospitality Management in the use of the Kitchen Laboratory” in Adamson University. The researchers chose this topic to reinforce to the Hospitality Management Students in keeping the kitchen laboratory clean and green. HM students nowadays become unaware in the proper disposal of their waste inside the kitchen laboratories especially right after their practical application in their respective major subjects. Students became irresponsible and unconscious about this situation. The researchers aim to execute and to reinforce to the HM laboratory students to practice waste segregation and the 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in cooperation with the Adamson Hospitality Management Students Organization. By doing these two green practices, it will make a big difference not only to the students, but also to the environment. The researchers are going to conduct proper waste segregation by separating biodegradable and non-biodegradable by establishing labelled waste bins and will proceed to the 3Rs implementation. With this, the research will put an end in the said crisis.
However, there are some issues that must be taken care of like stubborn students who don’t know how to obey the rules and regulations, those who don’t throw their garbage into their decent places, sluggish processing and insufficient fund to support the system.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 Conceptual Paradigm This figure shows the Input, Process and Output of the study. This would evaluate the effectiveness of the green practices of the Adamson Hospitality Management Students in using the kitchen laboratories.

Statement of the Problem This study will determine the effectiveness of the green practices (Waste segregation, 3R’s Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) of the Adamson kitchen laboratories as evaluated by the Hospitality Management students.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents? 2.1 Gender 2.2 Year Level 2. How do the respondents evaluate the effectiveness of green practices with regard to: 3.3 Segregation 3.4 Recycling 3.5 Reducing 3.6 Reusing 3.7 Disposal 3. Is there a significant difference among the responses of Adamson Hospitality Management Students and the HM Faculty on green practices process?

Hypothesis There is no significant difference among the responses of the HM Professors feedback and HM Students feedback.
Scope and Delimitation The main focus and concern of this study is to know and evaluate the effectiveness of the green practices of the Adamson Hospitality Management students in using the kitchen laboratories regarding with waste segregation and the 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). This study will be limited to the Adamson Hospitality Management students who are using the kitchen laboratories. It will be conducted this S.Y. 2012-2013 at the Adamson Hospitality Management kitchen laboratories. The researcher used stratified random sampling whereas the respondents were chosen randomly and by chance.
Significance of the Study This study aims to reinforce Adamson University Hospitality Management Students about the Green Practices within the school premises to maintain and restore the cleanliness and to increase ecological sustainability of the university.
Students. The data of this study will provide student’s awareness of their responsibility in the said project which is the Green Practices of the Adamson Hospitality Management Students in using kitchen laboratories.
Professors. The outcome will help the Adamson Hospitality Management Professors to promote the implementation of waste segregation inside the kitchen laboratories towards the Adamson Hospitality Management Students.
Schools Administrators. The result of the study can provide information and feedback to the administrators for them to know if the waste segregation inside the kitchen laboratories is effective or been improved
Definition of terms For easy understanding, the major term used in this study defined conceptually and operationally.
Disposal-refers to final placement or riddance of wastes, excess, scrap, etc., under proper process and authority with (unlike in storage) no intention to retrieve. Disposal may be accomplished by abandonment, destruction, internment, incineration, donation, sale, etc.
Ecosystem-refers to the community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.
Pollution- to the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.
Recycling- refers to the method of processing used material into new product to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduces or pollutions and water pollution by reducing the need for conventional waste disposal and lower greenhouse gas emission as compare to virgin productions.
Reducing-refers to the process and the policy of inducing amount of waste produced by a person or a society. Reducing involves efforts to minimize resource and energy use during manufacture.
Reusing- refers to the process of restoring a product that has been used for a long period of time, or using such products that still has ability to satisfy the consumer satisfaction. This process helps in minimizing waste, and in saving energy and money.
Waste Management- refers to the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources.
Waste Segregation- refers to the process of dividing garbage and waste products in an effort to reduce, reuse and recycle material.

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Literature
According to the Asian Institute of Technology School of Environment, Resources and Development, environmental impacts from construction and demolition (C&D) waste are increasingly becoming a major issue in urban waste management. C&D waste management in developing countries in the Asian region is relatively underdeveloped and emerging. Particularly mega-cities in Asia, where rapid population growth and economic development is evident, and increasing growth of built environment are also manifested. This built environment in Asian mega-cities includes the urban infrastructures, high rise commercial buildings and residential buildings, among others. Construction, renovation, and demolition activities of the built environment cause C&D waste contributing to one of the major environmental burdens to mega-cities in Asia. Furthermore, these environmental burdens of waste emission continue with current poor solid waste management and limited solid waste facilities which are evident in most of mega-urban centres. Unless proper environmental measures are introduced and effectively enforced, continuing burdens of urban ecological sustainable building will be hampered.
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (“3Rs”) Action Plan and the Progress of Implementation on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development were adopted during the G8 Sea Island Summit in USA in 2004. In 2005, the 3Rs Initiative was formally launched at a Ministerial Conference in Tokyo, Japan (ADB, 2006). Further, the World Summit on Sustainable Development Plan of Implementation enumerated 10-year framework of programmes in support of regional and national initiatives – changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production to achieve sustainable development (ADB, 2006:1, 62). UNCHS (1990) and Moavenzadeh (1994), as cited in Ofori (2000), noted that recognizing to consider environmental issues in the context of sustainable development has been accepted by many governments, organizations and the public at large. National and local governments and authorities in urban areas have attempted to meet the demand for housing and services through increased construction. However, lack of awareness of resource-efficient construction practices has resulted in excessive use of natural resources and generation of large amounts of construction waste that is rarely recycled (Macozoma, 2000, cited in UNEP, 2002: 249).
According to Holm, cited in Kulatunga et al, illustrated that approximately 40% of the generated waste portion globally originates from construction and demolition of buildings. In general, Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste is bulky, heavy and is mostly unsuitable for disposal e.g. incineration or composting. This poses a great problem for waste management in urban areas in Asia. Particularly, those urban Asian countries which have a problem of land for C&D waste disposal of which C&D waste accounts in an alarming rate as illustrated in the above discussion. Further, it also is the main contributor of environmental pollution.
According to Franklin Associates (1998), C&D waste is waste material produced in the process of construction, renovation, or demolition of structures. These structures include buildings of all types in residential and non-residential as well as roads and bridges. Components of C&D waste are typically concrete, asphalt, wood, metals, gypsum wallboard, and roofing. In addition, construction industry is one of the major contributors.

Synthesis of Review Literature Based on the conceptual study, wastes are increasingly becoming a major issue in different countries both local and foreign. In life, we can always encounter waste problems which can occur in the form of improper disposal, lack of techniques in segregation and the unawareness of people in using the 3r’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Construction waste that are rarely-recycled was produced due to lack of awareness of resource-efficient construction practices. These cases can cause a humongous and serious detriment on a particular country. Awareness of people, however, in green practices, most likely the proper waste segregation and the 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), can cure these kinds of problems. As for the researchers, it is used as the basis of the study. It supports the ideas from the previous studies that serves as the foundation of newly explored information.
Local Literature
According to the National Solid Waste Management Commission, there are 677 open dumpsites, 343 controlled dumps, and 21 landfills in the country. An additional 307 dump sites are subject for closure or rehabilitation plans but without definite schedules for enforcement. About 215 additional landfills are being proposed to be set up nationwide.About 1,000 open and controlled dump sites exist in the country. Prominent dumps all over the country can be found in Antipolo and Montalban in Rizal; Baguio City; Calapan, Mindoro Oriental; Carmen, Cagayan de Oro; Mandurriao, Iloilo City; Obando, Bulacan; and San Pedro, Laguna.
Environmentalists stress that Republic Act 9003 calls for the adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste management and explicitly excludes waste incineration as an ecological option. These polluting disposal facilities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere which adds to global warming.
Landfills and open dumps, according to studies, account for 34 percent of human-related methane emissions to the atmosphere, a global warming gas that has 23 times more heat-trapping power than carbon dioxide. These landfills and open dumps are illegal under RA 9003.Incinerators, on the other hand, have significantly higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions (per kilowatt) than a coal-fired power plant when all of the carbon coming out of an incinerator stack is measured. Such emissions are banned by the country’s Clean Air Act.
Inaction on garbage contributes to the death of at least two persons every minute due to complications from environmental problems, which could be prevented if the country only developed a more efficient environmental management program. Mismanagement of waste has serious environmental consequences: ground and surface water contamination, local flooding, air pollution, exposure to toxins, and spread of disease. Many of the disposal sites contain infectious material, thus threatening sanitation workers and waste-pickers.
Annual waste generation in the Philippines is expected to grow 40 percent by 2010. Improvements in recycling, collection, and disposal will become even more critical as garbage production continues to increase with population growth and economic development.
Past efforts to promote waste segregation at source have minimal impact despite the presence of Republic Act 9003. Most of these were barangay, city, and municipal ordinances providing for sanctions and penalties for non-compliance. Campaigns, seminars, trainings and other different community activities were implemented with the help of various private groups or NGO’s to pursue the objective of solving the garbage problem.
RA 9003 further calls for the establishment of materials recovery facilities, or ecology centers, in every barangay or cluster of a barangay. To date, only 1,923 ecology centers exist, serving 2,133 barangays of a total 41,975 nationwide. In Quezon City alone, only 52 barangays have established Materials Recovery Facilities out of a total of 142.
Synthesis of the Review Study This paper provides an overview of the green practices done in different countries. The researchers aim to give information for the people, to be aware on managing wastes. Based on both local and foreign study, environmental problems such as waste segregation and proper usage of the 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) are cannot be resolve easily. It also states that lack of awareness of people is the main cause of all the wrongdoings. As for the researchers, the literatures and studies are pertinent and will serve as the basis for the study regarding the green practices
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Presented in this chapter are the research design, the subject and respondents, the instrument, the data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of the data.
Research Design
A descriptive-study method of research will be employed in this study. It is a method that tries to reveal patterns associated with specific phenomena without an emphasis or pre-specified hypothesis. Sometimes these studies are called hypothesis generating studies (to contrast them with hypothesis testing study)
This design is adopted since the main problem of the study is to determine the extent of student’s perception and implementation of green practices of the Adamson Hospitality Management Students in using the kitchen laboratories.
Research Subject The respondents of this study will be the Adamson Hospitality Management Students enrolled in the S.Y. 2012-2013.
They will be chosen on the basis of stratified random sampling. This sampling technique will be used in order to get the exact representation of respondents of this study.
The following statistics were used for data analysis. The weighted mean for all the responses gathered were acquired using the Likert scale.
Formula:
X= ∑x n
Table 1 Distribution of the Respondents of the study Name of Elementary Schools | Population | Sample | Adamson University Hospitality Management Faculty and Staff | 18 | 18 | Hospitality Management Students | 724 | 256 | TOTAL | 742 | 274 | Sampling Techniques Used For the first group of respondents, the researchers will employ total enumeration sampling where the entire eighteen faculty and staff of Hospitality Management department were selected.
The following statistics were used for data analysis. The weighted mean for all the responses gathered were acquired using the Likert scale.
Data Gathering Instruments The researchers provide the used of the research instrument in evaluating effectiveness of the green practices of the Adamson Hospitality Management Students in using the kitchen laboratories.
Questionnaires
A checklist questionnaire will be used to gather data as the instrument of the study. The questionnaire is prepared in English form. It includes the demographic profile of the respondents and specific item which focuses on the evaluation of the green practices of the Adamson Hospitality Management Students in using the kitchen laboratories in terms waste segregation.

Data Gathering Procedure The researcher will be following a set of procedures which include the following: Asking permission and approval through a letter that is supported by the professors, advisers, and to the Hospitality Management Chairperson. After the approval, the researchers will start distributing the questionnaires to gather data from the respondents. When the questionnaires has been answered, the data will be tabulated by the researchers through SPSS to be able to sort the scores and to prepare the analysis and interpretation.

Statistical Treatment
The researchers will employ Frequency and Percentage. 1. A t-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a scaling term in the test statistic were known. When the scaling term is unknown and is replaced by an estimate based on the data, the test statistic follows a Student's t distribution.

2. The Weighted Mean is a mean where there is some variation in the relative contribution of individual data values to the mean. Data values with larger weights contribute more to the weighted mean and data values with smaller weights contribute less to the weighted mean. The formula is:

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DATA The following paragraphs discuss the obtained results from the data analysis by means of tables.
Problem 1: What is the demographic profile of the respondents? 1.1 Gender Table 1 Distribution of the Respondents according to Gender Gender | | | Male | 22 | 32.35 | Female | 46 | 68 | TOTAL: | 68 | 100% | The distribution of the respondents according to gender was presented in Table 1. From the total number of 68respondents , there were categories to male and female. Based on the data, 46 or 68percent were female and 22 or 32.35percent were male, which indicated that the preponderance of the former over the latter. It merely showed that the female respondents outnumbered the male respondents. Result revealed that greater part of the respondents were female because majority of the respondents that responded to the researchers in answering the survey questionnaires were female.

Problem 2: How do the respondents evaluate the effectiveness of green practices with regard to: 3.1 Segregation 3.2 Recycling 3.3 Reducing 3.4 Reusing 3.5 Disposal
Table 2
Effectiveness of green practices in terms of Segregation Indicators | Mean | V.I. | 1. Separation between biodegradable and non-biodegradable | | | 2. Enough separation containers for biodegradable and non-biodegradable | | | 3. Separation of waste materials used for recycling | | | 4. Providing signage regarding separation | | | | General Weighted Mean | |

2.1 Segregation The first concern of the study is about the segregation process inside the kitchen laboratories

Table 3 Effectiveness of green practices in terms of Recycling Indicators | Mean | V.I. | 1. Use recycled materials for the operation | | | 2. Keeping the things that can be used again | | | 3. Conduct a monitoring collection of recycled materials | | | 4. Establish an area for recycled materials | | | 5. Use recyclable containers | | | | General Weighted Mean | | 2.2 Recycling The second concern of this study is the recycling process inside the kitchen laboratories

Table 4 Effectiveness of green practices in terms of Disposal Indicators | Mean | V.I. | 1. Dispose waste properly | | | 2. Setting an appropriate time for collection of waste | | | 3. Established an area for toxic waste disposal | | | 4. Have a regular and systematic collection of waste | | | 5. Providing containers for disposal | | | | General Weighted Mean | | 2.3 Disposal The third concern of this study is the disposal process inside the kitchen laboratories Table 5 Effectiveness of green practices in terms of Reducing Indicators | Mean | V.I. | 1. Using reusable bags instead of plastic bags | | | 2. Buying products in bulk or concentrates | | | 3. Using reusable containers in storing processed food | | | | General Weighted Mean | | 2.4 Reducing The fourth concern of this study is the reducing process inside the kitchen laboratories Table 6 Effectiveness of green practices in terms of Reusing Indicators | Mean | V.I. | 1. Using items that can be used again | | | Using excess ingredients for the next activity | | | | General Weighted Mean | | 2.5 Reusing The fifth concern of this study is the reusing process inside the kitchen laboratories 1. What benefits and alternatives does waste disposal management bring to the business, natural environment and society? 2. What problem in waste and segregation management does the Adamson Hospitality Management Students encountered? 3. What solution you can recommend to the problems encountered in waste and segregation management?