Jeevan jiske hai paani
Haath lagao toh dar jayegi,
Upar laoge toh mar jayegi
Meaning:
Fish is the queen of water, whose life is water;
It is scared of the touch and out of water it shall perish
This is not just true for fish, but for any life on the earth. The biosphere with its fauna and flora owes its existence to water. In the solar system it is only our earth that is credited with water, that too just 1% of the entire water, that is potable. It is therefore a gift and a coincidence, too. Man has therefore a great responsibility to sustain and protect this treasure for our environment in general and the all important life on the planet in particular.
It may be emphasized here that the top 200 to 300m of the earth is responsible for all our development. This contains groundwater, minerals, nutrients for the plants and the construction materials, too. Water has played a great role in creating a veneer of fertile soil, in enriching mineral deposits and supporting and preserving biosphere. The industrial establishments heavily depend on water. It can be easily realized from the fact that the production of one ton of steel requires about 100 tons of water. That is true for any other industries like textile, leather, jute etc. In light of this ancient civilisations like Mahenjodaro and Happa in India, Babylonia in Iraq were, in fact, river civilisations. That is true for China and Egypt as well.
With rapid industrialization in the 20th century, growth of population and other human activities water has been a very valuable commodity today. It is believed that if there be a third World War (hopefully it does not take place!), it will be on the issue of water. Rain is the main source of water, a part of which evaporates back into the atmosphere, a part runs off as surface water as river for example and the remaining portion percolates into the ground and remains as groundwater. Groundwater is very ancient, at times several