* Personal codes for right and wrong can force someone to challenge the status quo and withdraw from belonging on moral grounds.…
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE: In Labeling Theory, a state in which a person feels the stress and anxiety of being labeled, and thus feels the need to right the wrongs and restore balance. (p.117)…
With the modern world’s hyper-sensitive awareness of race and gender and religion and sexual preferences and politics and, well, everything, making a few misplaced generalizations is inevitable. Although stereotyping can be false and misleading, it does not have the same implications that actively discriminating has.…
It is nearly impossible to avoid inheriting at least some of the racial, gender, and sexual-orientation biases that are inevitable within a society that privileges Whites, men and heterosexuals. Sue (2010) explains that racism exists on a continuum of conscious awareness. While biases can be displayed overtly through conscious and deliberate acts of discrimination, bias is more likely to occur in the form of unconscious, unintentional, and subtle discriminatory behaviours. Sue (2010) argues that this ambiguity makes microaggressions more harmful to the well-being and self-esteem of victims than overt discrimination. Victims must continually question, react to and interpret the meaning of these experiences on a daily basis (Sue,…
The impact of difference that is revealed in nick Enright’s text ‘Blackrock’ and Ed Fischer’s ‘go to the closet’ is that gender difference and those who are of different belief can majorly impact a group/individual severely. In particular being a female in a young male’s society, or having the belief that homosexuality is acceptable in society.…
The author has been able to enunciate that it is the unconscious cognition and not the conscious thought that motivates the judgement and behaviors of people (Banaji & Greenwald, 2013). The author gave an illustration of the ten minute test exercises to find out the taker’s perceptions and attitudes, a person’s negative or positive associations with a group of individuals. His findings was that from the more than ten million IAT’s depicted a negative relation between what “good people” trust and believe in them and the actuality of their actions and attitudes (Banaji & Greenwald, 2013). People portray different forms of attitudes, however, for white people most of them are persuasive. They prefer the young over the aging and also straight people over the gay…
“Follow the path of the unsafe, independent thinker. Expose your ideas to the dangers of controversy. Speak your mind and fear less the label of 'crackpot' than the stigma of conformity. And on issues that seem important to you, stand up and be counted at any cost.” (Thomas J. Watson). Conformity and Propaganda can cause the minds of many to change for the worse over a course of time. The power of words and propaganda have the remarkable power to compel people to commit acts of cruelty.You are viewed as a threat if you do not conform to society. Conformity also leads a false message in life as it’s pressed into people’s minds as conformity tries to strive to be accurate in judgement and observation even when wrong in life. Conformity is shown…
The author of this piece is Dr. Gordon Allport. He is the former head of Harvard’s Department of Psychology as well as the founding father of social psychology. Allport published many books including The Nature of Prejudice (1954). The purpose of the article is to inform the audience that in-groups are everywhere and identity is based on our in-groups. This essay is an excerpt from the book The Nature of Prejudice in 1954 and is a credible source because the principles Allport discussed are still studied by psychologists and researchers today. In the essay, Allport speaks of reference groups and how it relates to in-groups. According to Allport reference groups are the group that an individual wishes to be apart of, but an in-group is one that a person is in. He describes the differences as relating to each other, but different in the fact that in-groups and reference groups differ by the individuals desire to be in his in-group or not. Allport also discusses in-groups based on sex. The author uses Lord Chesterfield as a source to act as a counterargument and to make a point of the elements of prejudice, and how it shows favoritism with one’s own group. The author uses an example from the passage to prove to the audience that not all in-group loyalties are static and loyalties depend on the individual and can change. To sum up Allport’s discussion of in-groups, he talks about the presence of out-groups and how they affect in-groups. He argues that although competition with an out-group makes an in-group more solidified, a hostile interaction and competition with the out-group is not necessary. The thesis of the article seeks to provide reasoning for in-groups; Allport comments, “while we sometimes do become bored with our daily routine of living and with some of our customary companions, yet the very values that sustain our lives depend for their force upon their familiarity” (170). Allport’s statement directly speaks to every individual in the audience to make…
P1 Explain The Role Of Effective Communication And Interpersonal Interaction In A Health And Social Context…
I think cognitive dissonance is extremely common in our lives, whether we realize it or not. Almost every day I can say that I am faced with cognitive dissonance. For example I’m on a diet and I know I should not be eating sweets, but when I come by one, even though I’m telling myself in the moment I shouldn't be doing this, I eat the sweets anyway. Shortly before or after eating it I will try to justify in my mind why I just did that or why it was ok. Something like “oh it was just one; as long as I don't keep doing it I’ll be ok.” Just telling myself this in my head is enough sometimes to continue with my actions even though I know I’m contradicting myself.…
I truly enjoyed exploring the continence of your informative post. It is true as you stated that “Cognitive dissonance is the inability to maintain cognitive consistency because of two thoughts.” When an individual is squeezed in the middle of two different thoughts opposing each other, he then becomes confused, and may undertake a state of discomfort. At that point his internal and external body factors become most important to control his personality. Most of the time individuals are pretty consistent with what they believe, therefore ignoring the real sense of the situation. This can be justified by whether though the individual is conscious or unconscious of his behavior, attitude, belief, or habit. For instance, an individual dives to hunt crocodiles in the swamp knows that the crocodiles are dangerous and would resist to fall under captivity, the same individual hunt Anaconda snakes for their skin value while he is aware that it is a dangerous business because Anaconda would also resist captivity and perhaps kill the hunter. When you match both situations which are habits to the concerned individual, you remark that either habits or beliefs conflict each other; evidently they are not related to each other, therefore one of them may become dissonant with the other. Hence, relying on the cognitive dissonance theory Cognition dissonance will happen.…
The cognitive dissonance theory has many possible scenarios and examples chosen throughout life. The theory will be either enhanced or decreased depending on a number of factors such as the person’s moral values, social upbringing, and social status at work, religious views, culture, and more. When a person makes a decision, such as calling into work sick when he or she are not sick may have a number of consequences. The first may be the person’s conscience and the possibility of getting caught in the act of a lie, and a number of possible negative consequences. Why a person may decide to call in sick when he or she are not sick may be something another person cannot fathom. However, cognitive dissonance is a powerful psychological study and reality in the life of a person.…
Fear has a component of biological traits and genes but there are also many environmental experiences that impact what you are afraid of as an adult. As children we are taught that making a mistake is wrong and many times we get punished for simple errors that are no big deal. We are all afraid of failure but there people that are just too afraid, this is a consequence of bad treatment during childhood. The best way to overcome fear is by being confident in what you are afraid of. For example if you are afraid of making an embarrassing mistake while presenting in front of a class then practice it in front of your family or a group of people you feel comfortable with until you’re confident with what you are saying.…
Individuality, if understood as fluid characters under different circumstances, is founded by the situational environment. People are shaped by the events happening around them whether they pay attention to such things or not. According to Gladwell, “People who watched Peter Jennings on ABC were more likely to vote Republican because, in some unconscious way, Jennings was able to signal his affection for Republican candidates” (160). News reports, like graffiti and farebeating in the subway could have huge impacts on individuals, since people tend to believe and follow what they hear or perceive time and time again. Admittedly, neither news reports nor misdeeds in the subway significantly influence people’s lives since people are never fully attentive to issues that are seemingly trivial to them. However, such small issues can have tremendous effects on one’s behaviours because people tend to take the general trend, even the wrong one, as what they perceive unconsciously. Gradually, they change their behaviors to catch the trend as most people tend to agree with the actions of the majority. People believe their individual transgressions will be overlooked, and thus acceptable among a large number of other misbehaviors. However,…
However, Meade makes a point about the role of deviance in the societies. Deviance is defined as any behavior that violates social norms. When women are naturally gifted or better than men in their own field of expertise, this causes the men to doubt their own manhood. This is one of the reasons why men who conform most closely to accepted “temperament for males in their society are most suspicious and hostile towards deviating women who in spite of a contrary training, show the same temperament traits” (306). It is certainly possible for one to be female and identity themselves as masculine or to be a male and identity themselves as feminine. For example, gender roles might include women investing in domestic life and men investing in the worker role. The concept of gender identity is also different from gender stereotypes, which are shared views of personality traits often tied to one's gender such as instrumentality in men and expressiveness in women.…