In 1979, the first class action lawsuit was filed because of the Agent Orange side effects. Unfortunately, there was little progress for the Agent Orange side effects sufferers until a judge (Jack Weinstein) assigned to the case in 1983 put it on a fast track to settlement. In 1985, an out of court settlement, between the Vietnam Veterans and the chemical manufactures, created a fund for Agent Orange side effect sufferers (Agent Orange Lawsuits).…
Within Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele’s article “Monsanto’s Harvest of Fear,” the reader receives information on the complicated history and questionable business tactics of the agriculture company Monsanto. Moreover, Barlett and Steele bring to light numerous counts of wrong doing committed by Monsanto by focusing on the legal actions and cases found in state and federal courts. Particular attention is focused on the vast resources and funds that Monsanto utilizes to deter smaller farmers and co-ops from continuing the cases in court, consequently, most of the cases are settled. Also, a great amount of space remains dedicated to a history lesson of the Monsanto company. Therefore, Monsanto has many ligations due to improper chemical…
In the late 1950s a pharmaceutical agent called thalidomide was place on the market and was used by pregnant woman to relive them from nausea and morning sickness. The drug wasn’t approved by the FDA and caused over 10,000 birth defects. Researchers later found out that thalidomide was able to seep through the placenta and cause phocomelia. Phocomelia is a rare condition that causes malformed limbs. Babies born with this birth defect had a 50 percent chance of surviving. After this incident congress reevaluated the Food, Drug, and cosmetic act and added amendments to it, making the drug approval and safety regulations stricter. After the changes to the 1938 act animal testing became the norm in drug testing procedures. (Ross-Fitcher & Noble…
The Silent Spring was the right science book published at the right time. It brought the concerns about environmental to the general public. It led to a nationwide ban on DDT and the creation of the U.S Environmental Protection Agency. DDT’s insecticidal action was discovered by the Swiss chemist in 1939 ("DDT"). The widely use in agricultural started after the World War II. The Swiss chemist was even awarded the Nobel Prize since DDT was so efficiency to kill inserts. Nevertheless people did not notice that DDT was also a great threat to the environmental and wildlife especially birds. People like to talk about sustainable development in recent years; DDT is a great counter example of it. Although it is very efficiency to kill inserts, it…
1. Carlson classifies modern insecticides into two groups of chemicals. The first group, represented by DDT, is known as the “chlorinated hydrocarbons” and the other group, represented by Malathion and parathion, consists of the organic phosphorus insecticides. Although both are organic, the organic phosphorous insecticides are more poisonous than the chlorinated hydrocarbons and have the ability to destroy enzymes.…
This analysis of case studies from Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the case study to predict the effects of pesticides on aquatic systems and the waterfowl that uses them. Comparing the two processes of these case studies, along with analysis of the assessments. Describing the case study on the effects of pesticides in aquatic ecosystem, the risk assessment correlated to observed field studies and evaluate the importance of this type of correlation in general for all risk assessment efforts. Breaking down the ecological and social values in the assessments. Try to establish a value for the components in each case and how the risk assessment was determined.…
In the movie “A Civil Action”, the environmental problem was that trichloroethylene and silicone was placed into the water in the town of Woburn. It happened through a tanning company pouring chemicals on the hides of animals and it seeping out. The company also placed a lot of barrels with the dangerous chemicals into the ground and it seeped out into the wells of the town. The damage it caused to the environment and to the people was a huge amount. It poisoned the town and children were killed because of it. The chemicals caused the children to get Leukemia and they died. The people blamed the companies Beatrice Foods and W. R. Grace & Co for neglecting proper cleaning habits.…
Jonathan Harr's nonfiction narrative, A Civil Action, tells the events, in vivid detail, that led to the nine year long case of Anderson v. Cryovac. Lawsuit which was brought about through Jan Schichtman, the lawyer representing eight families living in Woburn, M.A., against W.R Grace and Beatrice Foods. The lawsuit claimed that the two companies were to be held liable for causing illnesses and deaths to members of these families after contaminating their water supply with trichloroethylene (TCE.)…
Rachel Carson uses horrifying evidence to grab the reader’s attention. She writes of the destructive chemicals in pesticides used on all types of vegetation for the destruction of insects, but the chemical war on bugs shall never be won. In her essay Rachel Carson explains “ …insects, in a triumphant vindication of Darwin’s principle of the survival of the fittest, have evolved super races immune to the particular insecticides used, hence a deadlier one has always to be developed” (614). Pesticides intention may be only to destroy a few types of weeds and insects but Rachel Carson poses the question “Can anyone believe it is possible to lay down such a barrage of poisons on the surface of the earth without making it unfit for all life?” (614). Carson also touches on man-made radiation releasing harsh chemicals into the air, such as Strontium 90, which comes down as rain and soaks into the earth or even “…in time takes up its abode in the bones of a human being, there to remain until his…
The DDT had also killed many of the wasps that killed the caterpillars that ate the wood on their houses. The caterpillars had nothing to stop them in taking down the palms provided shelter for the local people. This was disregarded because at least they got rid of the mosquitos and wasps. Even though the local people no longer had shelter and could not sleep. With all of these other things now taken care of the flies became the major issue causing more disease. The DDT was then sprayed on the ground to help take care of the problem. Of course it was not taken into account that cats ate geckos and geckos ate flies. No one had a concern about taking care of the flies until the cats started dying and the rat population grew and took over again creating new issues and…
Sibley, John. (1997). State committee Urges a Ban on DDT and Related Pesticides. The New York…
Rachel Carson, an author, brought to light the harm in using a pesticide called DDT. The pesticide was sprayed to control Dutch elm disease, a fungus that kills trees. The pesticide accidentally killed birds and other wildlife in the process.In 1969 the Environmental Policy Act was passed by Congress. Shortly after that President Nixon recommended the creation of an agency named the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1970 the Clean Air Act was passed, in 1972 the Marine Mammals Protection Act was inducted, and the Endangered Species Act was passed in 1973. In 1974 the Safe Drinking Water Act was passed and the Superfund Act was passed in 1980 as a result of a hazardous waste problem in New York.…
During her scientific research, Carson discovered that people were misusing pesticides to kill insects that caused much damage. She became aware of the harm that people were doing to earth and all the living things. Some scientists came up with powerful chemicals that would kill insects effectively. One of them was called DDT. "Their pesticides effectiveness in controlling insects was unchallenged, but many scientists and ecologists became increasingly concerned about the indiscriminate use of the chemicals, whose poisons affected not only pests but also many other life forms, including humans." (Carson "Elixirs," 8) People would spray those chemicals everywhere it was possible because they thought it was harmless to them but helpful to get rid of all the insects that were causing some damage, yet…
used in the 1940s and 1950s to curb the spread of malaria) in the US.1…
Trinitrotoluene, TNT, or 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, is a nitro chemical compound with the formula C₆H₂(NO₂)₃CH₃. TNT is a yellow-colored solid and contains in its structure three NO2 groups and one –CH3 group all bonded to carbon atoms on the aromatic ring (Juhasz and Naidu 2007, Pichtel 2012). Oxygen and nitrogen are the two highly electronegative elements where oxygen possesses the highest electro-negativity. Subsequently, the polarized N–O bonds within the nitro groups makes them easily reducible (Esteve-Nunez et al. 2001, Ayoub et al. 2010). Its molar mass is 227.13 g/mol, density 1.65 g/cm³, boiling point 295°C. TNT melts at 80 °C, far below the temperature of it spontaneous detonation. This allows the explosive to be poured as well…