What is Free Market Economy?
In a free market economy, individuals are free to make their own economic decisions. Consumers are free to decide what to buy with their incomes: free to make demand decisions. Firms are free to choose what to sell and what production methods to use: free to make supply decisions. The demand and supply decisions of consumers and firms are transmitted to each other through their effect on prices: through the price mechanism. The prices that result are the prices that firms and consumers have to accept.
The price mechanism
The price mechanism works as follows. Prices respond to shortages and surpluses. Shortages result in prices rising. Surpluses result in prices falling. Let us take each in turn. If consumers decide they want more of a good (or if producers decide to cut back supply), demand will exceed supply. The resulting shortage will cause the price of the good to rise. This will act as an incentive to producers to supply more, since production will now be more profitable. At the same time it will discourage consumers from buying so much. Price will continue rising until the shortage has thereby been eliminated. If, on the other hand, consumers decide they want less of a good (or if producers decide to produce more), supply will exceed demand. The resulting surplus will cause the price of the good to fall. This will act as a disincentive to producers, who will supply less, since production will now be less profitable. It will encourage consumers to buy more.
Price will continue falling until the surplus has thereby been eliminated. This price, where demand equals supply, is called the equilibrium price. By equilibrium we mean a point of balance or a point of rest: in other words, a point towards which there is a tendency to move. The same analysis can be applied to labor (and other factor) markets, except that here the demand and supply roles are reversed. Firms are the demanders of labor. Individuals are the suppliers. If the demand for a particular
The price mechanism
The price mechanism works as follows. Prices respond to shortages and surpluses. Shortages result in prices rising. Surpluses result in prices falling. Let us take each in turn. If consumers decide they want more of a good (or if producers decide to cut back supply), demand will exceed supply. The resulting shortage will cause the price of the good to rise. This will act as an incentive to producers to supply more, since production will now be more profitable. At the same time it will discourage consumers from buying so much. Price will continue rising until the shortage has thereby been eliminated. If, on the other hand, consumers decide they want less of a good (or if producers decide to produce more), supply will exceed demand. The resulting surplus will cause the price of the good to fall. This will act as a disincentive to producers, who will supply less, since production will now be less profitable. It will encourage consumers to buy more.
Price will continue falling until the surplus has thereby been eliminated. This price, where demand equals supply, is called the equilibrium price. By equilibrium we mean a point of balance or a point of rest: in other words, a point towards which there is a tendency to move. The same analysis can be applied to labor (and other factor) markets, except that here the demand and supply roles are reversed. Firms are the demanders of labor. Individuals are the suppliers. If the demand for a particular