The Ashurnasirpal II’s palace, now called the Northwest palace, was built and finished in 879 BCE at Nimrud, located in today’s northern Iraq. It was dedicated to serve as the daily living place as well as the palace to meet with ministers for the king. Ashurnasirpal II chose Nimrud, the ancient Khahu, to be the capital and then built a series of fortified citadels around it.1 And it was on the citadel the Ashurnasirpal II built the magnificent Northwest Palace. The palace stood out not only for its stable periphery but also for its first use of the carved stone panels in gypsum, called orthostats, with which the builders lined the interior lower walls. Both reliefs, Ashurnasirpal II and a Winged Deity and Deity Performing Ritual Purification were from those slabs in the King’s living room of the great Northwest Palace.…
At the temple complex of Karnak, she erected a series of obelisks and built a “Palace of Ma’at,” a rectangular structure that was composed of "a series of small rooms with a large central hall for the placement of the central bark. The walls of the palace were covered with carved and brightly painted relief scenes of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III,” writes a team of UCLA researchers working on the Digital Karnak Project. Hatshepsut’s architectural program promotes her impact and achievements during her ruling of Egypt, depicting that cultivated building innovations that continue to arouse admiration, as Gardiner states, “Even now there is no nobler architectural achievement to be seen in the whole…
Much of this book was clearly drawn from Nehemiah’s personal diaries. The events in Nehemiah 1 commence late in the year 446 B.C., the 20th year of the Persian king, Artaxerxes (464–423 B.C.). The book follows chronologically from Nehemiah’s first term as governor of Jerusalem ca. 445–433 B.C. (Neh. 1–12) to his second term, possibly beginning ca. 424 B.C. (Neh. 13). Nehemiah was written by Ezra sometime during or after Nehemiah’s second term, but no later than 400 B.C. The combined book Ezra–Nehemiah of the earliest Christian and Jewish period was known as Ezra and was probably attributed to Ezra himself; according to a rabbinic tradition, however, Nehemiah was the real author but was forbidden…
The way that he did this was by building more and greater monuments in his honor than any pharaoh before him. In addition, many of these monuments are very well-preserved. Three of these monuments in particular are most famous. The first of these is the Ramasseum. It is a mortuary temple depicting Ramses II and much of his family. It was once a great and massive temple complex but today it is just a scattering of ruins. Another famous monument is that of Abu Simbel. It is a great temple built in honor of Ramses II but it is most famous for the great lengths that were taken by archaeologists to find and enter it. The last and perhaps most famous is the Tomb of Nefertari, named after one of Ramses II's queens. The tomb itself is a marvel of ancient Egyptian art. The walls are covered with paintings that still look magnificent. The ceilings were painted to look like the night sky. The different chambers are massive. Originally, it was filled with a massive array of treasure and precious materials but it was looted by grave robbers long…
It discusses the various items found in the dig and its correlation to the owner, in addition to, what purpose it fulfilled whether religious, practicality or otherwise. It also goes over the layout of the palace to provide important context of the locations each artefact grouping was found: “(1) the Northern Section (the administrative area), (2) the Central Section (royal protocol), and (3) the Southern Section (domestic wing, the royal harem, and royal burials)” (Hussein 2016, 4). The book also describes each discovery of the tombs in great detail, outlining in specific the condition of artefacts and the remains found in the coffins. Hussein’s work is incredibly important because it has been cited by several other texts, including Sherry Lou Macgregor, as a basis for building an understanding of burial rituals, and furthermore, how class and gender factored into tomb building. The tombs are also relevant because it shows that the queens of the time had substantial financial resources that are not only detectable in texts and inscriptions, but also in the treasures found in the queens’ graves at…
Formerly a region of much conflict, the Babylonian Kingdom unified Sumerian and Akkadian city-states under King Hammurabi. King Hammurabi was the first king of Babylon, he reigned from 1792-1750 B.C.E. (Arts and Culture).During his reign Babylon became a great metropolis. Hammurabi’s code was a legal document that is today considered not only the earliest known written body of laws, but also historic art. The law codes are inscribed on to a stele, which is a slab of stone set vertically. It stands seven feet approximately, and is Basalt (Arts and Culture).At the top of the stone King Hammurabi is shown talking to the sun god Shamash.…
Johns C. H. W., "Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, contracts and Letters", State of New York, Division of Gryphon Editions.1987, Retrieved May 14, 2008, from…
This paper focuses on the ruler and their power; it intends to analyze the role of art and architecture within the Mesopotamian and Egyptian hierarchy and its purpose. Throughout history, human civilization has learned to convey messages through various means. One of the most significant of them all is the language of art and architecture. From every corner of the planet, we see this trend. From Egypt to Iraq, from Asia to Africa, art and symbols along with architectures of various types show the power of past leaders. We will discuss how rulers convey their power through art and architecture and the ultimate purpose of that display. The Mesopotamian and Egyptian leaders both demonstrate through their magnificent artistic creations a distinctive bond between themselves and the gods.…
“Two Statuettes of two worshipers”, from the Square Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar), Iraq, ca. 2700 BCE.…
The ancient and modern interpretations reveal significant information about Sennacherib’s effectiveness as a ruler. Sennacherib was a very effective ruler; this is shown through the ancient and modern interpretations. Sennacherib was effective in his building projects. One of the king’s roles to be an effective ruler was to have building projects. Sennacherib achieved this in construction of a palace in a new capital into a new capital and the establishment of canal and irrigations. The palace in Nineveh ‘Palace without Rival’ is the evidence of Sennacherib new capital. Sennacherib’s palace was very decorative, elaborates, very well organised and provided with everything that the palace required. The palace provided significant information and meaning to the king Sennacherib; it shows his power and strength. An ancient interpretation form Sennacherib’s annals state “Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria: At the command of the god, while limestone for the construction of my palace was discovered in the district in the Balatai. I had men from enemy towns and the inhabitants of hidden mountain regions, conquest of my hands, wield iron… and I had great aladlammu [bull lammassu] figures made from the gates of my palace.” This quote shows what materials Sennacherib used to build his palace with the limestone and iron. It…
We define moral courage as the ability to act rightly in the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal, or discouragement. When we say a person has moral courage, we speak of things like ethics, good and evil, right and wrong. This is the kind of person who does bold things. They do these things not because they are trying to make a name for themselves or impress their peers, but because it is the right thing to do. A person with moral courage stands up in the face of adversity.…
Discovered in the Valley of the Kings by Howard Carter and his sponsor Lord Carnarvon in 1922, Tutankhamun’s tomb was presumably intended for use by a nobleman and then promptly modified for the pharaoh’s use after his unexpected death. The tomb differs from the customary Eighteenth Dynasty tombs in size, decoration, structure and location. When compared to typical royal tombs of the time it is evidently unique as it is of extremely smaller scale and contradicts the design of other Eighteenth Dynasty pharaonic burials. The tomb consists of descending steps, a descending passage, antechamber, annex, burial chamber and treasury. This is in sharp contrast to traditional royal tombs, many of which additionally consisted of multiple lengthy corridors, chambers of large dimensions and sizable storerooms. It was imperative for the body to be stored in the tomb promptly, in the interest of preservation and success in the afterlife, and consequently a smaller tomb representing a typical Eighteenth Dynasty tomb was utilised. The fact that Tutankhamun was a relatively minor king with a short reign likely contributed to the small scale of his tomb. The tomb’s location was also not usually associated with royal burials.…
“Nebuchadnezzar II built temples dedicated to the Babylonian gods throughout his realm, and transformed Babylon- the cultural, political, and economic hub of his empire, into one of the most splendid cities of its day (Cothren 44).” The Ishtar gate is a stunning example of the art within the city of Babylon, which was passed by many entering the city. However the Ishtar gate does not have to be viewed as a whole, with every piece containing so much detail and expression, when taken away from its original positioning the appearance is only enhanced. The Striding Lion, though originally only a small piece of a bigger picture, is a visually captivating piece of art to be examined and appreciated. The Striding Lion originally located at the Ishtar Gate to the Temple of Marduk, Babylon, now resides at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston, which can be viewed from multiple angles at their online museum link. The Striding Lion is classified as an architectural element of Near East, Mesopotamian, Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian Period, reign of Nebuchadnezzar I, and is dated as 604-561 B.C. The specific artist is unknown though. The amount of detail in The Striding Lion makes is a unique and intriguing piece to view.…
They are channels that run through the water, that are conducted to the place where it is being used. The tunnels were dug through the rocks and other canals that are in the earth.…
Timmy is eight years old and was participating in this first-ever track competition. Just before he would have finished third in the race, Timmy fell flat on his face in front of the audience. Small for his age, Timmy did not know what to do except to get up and feel absolutely embarrassed. His mother immediately rushed down the bleachers to console his son. “Not here, Mom,” he said. Later, his mother can hear him whisper to himself while trying to restrain his tears, “big boys don’t cry.”…