As the pH of the pepsin buffer increases from pH 2 to pH 9 so too does the percentage light transmission through the buffer solution after a 24 hour period. Although when the trypsin buffer has a pH between pH 2 and 8 the percentage light transmission through the buffer solution after a 24 hour period decreases, but from pH 8 to pH 9 the percentage light transmission through the buffer solution after a 24 hour period increases. At a low pH (pH 2) the amount of gelatine broken down by the pepsin is high. We can tell this as this is when there is a low mean percentage light transmission (16.86%) because a lot of colour of the jelly will leak in the solution causing the colour to be deeper. But at a higher pH (pH 9) the amount of gelatine broken down by the pepsin is low. We can tell this as this as there is a low mean percentage light transmission is high (34.14%) because a little colour of the jelly will leak in the solution causing the colour to be lighter. At a low pH (pH 2) the amount of gelatine broken down by the trypsin is low so this means there is a high mean percentage light transmission (41.75%) because a little colour of the jelly will leak in the solution causing the colour to be lighter. At a high pH (pH9) the amount of gelatine…
The absorbance of a small test tube filled with 4.0 mL of the 0.2 M NaOH solution and 1 drop of phenolphthalein was recorded every 5 seconds for 360 seconds. Then, ln(absorbance) and 1/(absorbance) were calculated for these values…
The purpose of this lab is to learn how to write law expressions, determine orders by graphs, and calculate rate constants. By determining the number of drops of sodium hypochlorite necessary to make a diluted food dye change to colorless in less than three minutes helps calculate the absorbance which can then be analyzed to find the pseudo rate constant and eventually leading to the rate constant and the rate law. The results show that the m and n are both 1st order which makes the overall order of the blue dye 2nd order.…
From the graph the enzyme Trypsin has 51% light transmission at pH 2. At pH 9 the Trypsin has 39% light transmission. Between pH 2 and pH 9 the percentage of light transmission decreases at a steady rate, until it reaches pH 8 where there is a steep increase from 30% to 39% as the enzyme has reached its optimum pH at 8. During the experiment in the boiling tube this pH had the deepest red colour as the most protein gelatine was broken up. This meant that in the colorimeter when testing to see what the light transmission, this pH let the least light through. For this enzyme as the pH increases the percentage of light transmission decreases until it gets to pH 8 where it increases again to 39%.…
As indicated by the figure, the high concentration correlated to having the highest amount of absorbance (1.006 at 300 seconds). This was followed by the medium-high concentration (0.555) and medium concentration (0.540). It can be noted that the medium concentration started off with a higher absorbance than the medium-high concentration, but the medium-high concentration had a faster increase of absorbance over time. Thus, surpassing the absorbance of the medium concentration from 270 and 300 seconds. The low concentration had the lowest amount of absorbance, with a final absorbance rate of 0.204, and did not substantially increase over the period of…
UV absorption can determine protein concentration, most Proteins, absorb ultraviolet light relatively strongly. It is the amino acids in the proteins that absorb the UV light. The strong absorbance of UV light by protein allows for rapid analysis of protein samples. The optical absorbance of protein is measured at 280 nm. At this wavelength, the absorbance of protein is largely due to the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine and cysteine .The…
In order to complete the objective, the group used a Carolina Digital Spectrophotometer, unit M 201-1, which measures the quantity of light that solutions absorb. The spectrophotometer consists of a light source that shines through a prism which then shines through a…
In the late 1850s Florence Nightingale started her own school to train nurses and developed standards by which nurses performed their duties. She may never have envisioned that one day there would be different educational tracks resulting in multiple degrees and disciplines in nursing, each having their own set of criteria for excellence. Associate degree nurse (ADN) and baccalaureate degree nurse (BSN) are the two most common entry level nursing positions. An ADN can be obtained in two or three years whereas the BSN takes four years of education to complete due to additional courses. Differences between the degrees begin with education and mature as the nurse gains experience.…
“BSN programs cover all the materials covered in a ADN program plus a more in depth treatment of the physical and social sciences, nursing research, public and community health, nursing management, and the humanities. The additional work provides new graduates with a better understanding of the cultural, political, economic, and social issues that affect patients and influence health care delivery” ("The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice," 2012, para. 4). BSN nurses are provided with the opportunities to advance to higher positions in nursing without having to go back to school. For example, BSN nurses can become a nurse manager, unlike ADN nurse. BSN nurses are also more prepared to enter an advanced degree program. For example, nurse practitioner, or a nurse anesthetist program. BSN programs prepare those for what is…
There is always a question about which program is better; Is it the associate’s degree in nursing program provided by community colleges or the baccalaureate of science in nursing program provided by colleges and universities? One similarity is for sure that nurses from both programs can take the NCLEX-RN exam. Before I started college I was debating whether I should go to school for an Associate Degree in Nursing or a Baccalaureate of Science in Nursing, but because I just had a baby and the university is one hour away from our home, I decided to go ahead and enter the registered nursing program in our community college. I know that there is a lot of differences between nurses that are prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate degree level in nursing that is why I set a goal that someday I will go back to school for my Bachelor’s degree. This paper will be explaining the difference in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate degree level versus the baccalaureate degree level in nursing by comparing their education, patient care and opportunities. This paper will also give some examples about a patient care situation in which how nursing care approaches to decision making may differ based upon the educational preparation of a BSN versus ADN.…
When starting the nursing profession deciding on which educational level you should choose from can be a difficult one. There are two educational levels to becoming a Registered Nurse (RN). The Associate Degree of Nursing (ADN) which is considered to be the shorter, faster approach, taking 2 years to complete. Second option is the Baccalaureate of Science in Nursing (BSN) which this program takes 4 years to complete. When completing both these levels of education the graduate is able to sit for their state license exam. This exam is called National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). Both levels of education hold the exact same license, the difference in these RNs depend on the amount of education and type of practice that they choose to endure. This paper will explore the differences relating to prepared nurses at the associate or baccalaureate levels.…
Overall, The rate of hydrolysis (substrate) is increased by the amount of enzyme added (product). the rate of hydrolysis (substrate) is increased by the amount of substrate present. The absorbenc mean is logarithmic quantity of the volume of light absorbed (at particular wavelength) as the light passes through a sample or element.…
The objective of this lab was to recreate the color profile of a given solution. In this case, the solution was Powerade. The final solution should match the absorbance values at the peak wavelengths (420nm and 628nm) in Powerade. This lab was done using deionized water, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Yellow #5, FD&C Red #40, and a spectrometer. To obtain the correct color profile, FD&C Blue #1 and FD&C Yellow #5 were utilized in the sample solutions. The experiment was conducted over two days; the first day was reserved for collecting data to create Beer’s Law plots. This was done by making five different dilutions of each of the dyes present in Powerade and recording the absorbance values at each new molarity. The second day of this lab was spent analyzing those plots and using them to create sample solutions. The sample solutions created in this lab did not match the color profile; however, each trial got closer to being a match. The absorbance…
For the second experiment we did a test for absorbency. We used a graduated cylinder which was filled with 100 mL of water. The paper towel, which was .234 m2, was immersed into the water for 15 seconds. The paper towel was removed from the water and allowed to drip until the drips were 25 seconds apart. At that time, the amount of water that was left in the…
The absorbance of a solution depends on three things: the nature of the solution, the distance the light travels through the solution (called the path length), and the concentration of the solution. This is summarized by the Beer-Lambert Law, A = abc…