From the moment humans were created to modern times, they made numerous physical and technological advancements. It started when the Australopithecines began displaying signs of bipedalism, freeing two arms for using tools and carrying food while walking at the same time. This was a significant physical change that the hominid species chose to make, as bipedalism was the gateway to hunting, farming, and harvesting. As time passed, the homo habilis began showing up. Their brain size was on a range between 550 and 687 cubic centimeters, whereas the Australopithecines had a brain size between 350 and 600 cubic centimeters, which meant that the homo habilis' brain capacity grew around 50%. This larger brain capacity led to the experimentation with…
Over decades, many Americans reject the ideas of evolution and there were many arguments against the theory of human evolution. However, in order to understand how the human developed, we must look at the human evolution. For many centuries, we have been curious about our origins and our human bodies structure. How we got to be the kind of species we are today, such as the way we look; walking upright on two legs, our hands has five fingers, the size of our brain and teeth, and what makes us a unique species. Our animal ancestors have shaped our body structure in many ways, we humans have a lot in common than you might think with apes, reptiles and even fish.…
Human evolution has proceeded against a backdrop of great Ice Ages. The latest one occurring only 20,000 BCE years ago…
Neanderthals and modern humans have many similarities in appearance which include, but are not limited to, the size of the cranial capacity and shortened limbs. The cranial capacity of a Neanderthal varies from 1200 to 1750 cubic centimeters (O’Neil, 2010) with an average of 1400 cubic centimeters (Haviland, & Crawford, 2009) with a modern human varying between 900 to 1880 cubic centimeters (O’Neil, 2010) and an average of 1300 cubic centimeters (Haviland, & Crawford, 2009), respectively. It has been speculated that this was only because of the difference in size between Neanderthals and modern humans and when compared to those of similar size, a similar cranial capacity was present (Berger, 2010). Aside from similarities in cranial…
In order to be able to walk or run on two feet many evolutionary changes had to occur, early humans had to develop arches in their feet, curved spines, specialized hips, and specialized knees. The muscle structure of the early human body also had to…
Human are classified in the primate order. The primate order contains countless species of prosimians, monkeys, apes, and us. Moreover even though humans are classified along with other primates the nearest relative is chimpanzees. Similarly, humans and chimpanzees share, “anatomy, and genetic material” that has been noted for several years now. By sharing similar traits it is noted as a vital part of human evolution. Human evolution is the development of humans also known as Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens are categorized in the Hominidae family, a family that has shown to ensure increased brain size with complexity and bipedalism. Chimpanzees have undergone many different changes during that resulted in binocular vision, mobile digits without claws but nails, decreasing in sense of smell due to a reduced snout, large and complex brains. Specific traits are illustrated distinctively within humans (Kottak, 2009).…
Many processes have taken place to shape humans from the Australopithecus Afarensis to the modern day human also known as the Homo Sapien. As a result, the two defining traits that occurred by taxonomy are the effects of brain size and bipedalism. Humans, like other primates are considered as Order Primates in the Hominidae family and therefore are a prime example of taxonomy when the two diverged into different species. During taxonomy when humans diverged from their ancestors 6 to 7 million years ago, the result is the differences such as walking upright, brain size and overall skeletal structure are prominent due to the divergence of humans and other primates. Although primates and humans both share many anatomical, behavioral and socialization traits the differences are drastic and are all a result of selective pressures.…
Cited: Alsford, Mike. WHAT IF? Religious Themes in Science Fiction. Chapter 2, p. 26 - 48. London: Darton,…
For human beings, one of the most important evolutionary adaptations that have allowed us to reach the point we are now would be the structure and function of the prehensile hand. There are a few other animals, mostly other primates, who have hands with a similar structure to that of a human and who do make some use of tools as well, but not quite to the extent that humans are able to (3). Comparative research on the hand of several species with those of the human hand have not been able to pin down any particular morphological feature that would explain the difference in abilities between humans and other primates (3). Whatever the case may be, it has nevertheless served an important role in the advancement of human capabilities, allowing…
The human pelvis is primarily adapted for upright, two-legged waling and running, it also favored the widening of the female pelvis to allow larger- brained babies to be born.…
If we didn’t study human evolution we wouldn’t have ever knew that those bones, skeletons, and teeth were even human. If we didn’t know that these ancient ancestors of ours…
Since humans and other primates share a variety of characteristics, other primates provide important observations about early humans. Homologies between hominids and other primates enhance to behavior because the physiological and cognitive formations that manage to control human demeanor are likely related to those of other primates than to members of other taxonomic groups. The reality of this broad collection of homologous traits, the commodity of the average evolutionary history of the primates, means that nonhuman primates give beneficial examples for understanding the evolutionary ancestry of hominid morphology and for resolving the basis of human nature.…
Atticus Finch is the most honest and moral characters in “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee. Throughout “To Kill a Mockingbird” we don’t see a change from Atticus throughout the book. In the next few paragraphs I am going to give you the overall view on Atticus Finch, I am also going to state how Atticus treats everyone equally, how he treats his children and the important lessons and things he’s taught his children Jem and Scout at a young age.…
This is why primate evolution is considered paleoanthropology (Begun, 2012). In researching the evolution of primates to humans a common topic is the curvature of hominoid phalangeal. The concept derives from the adaptation of tree living (arboreal) to land locomotion. When a prime is classified as arboreal the phalangeal is curved more than a knuckle walker. In the article Broke Fingers by David R. Begun in the Journal of Human Evolution, begun compares pedal phalangeal (toe) and manual phalangeal (fingers) curvature of various species including homo sapiens. The research exhibits a noticeable line correlation between homo sapiens who have the least amount of curvature of both manual and pedal phalangeal to genus Pongo ancestors of Orangutan with the highest degree. The experiment is conducted using a one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance). This study shows identical results as analyses Normalized curvature moment arm (NCMA) Stern, Jungers, & Susman 1995 (Begun, 2008). Begun notes the most interesting observation from the study is the inability to distinguish the ranges of manual and pedal phalangeal curvature (2008). The conclusion drawn is while the results show variations it is not a reliable source of discrimination among most hominoid locomotor functional groups. (Begun, 2008). The results of this study further strength previous research. The significance of the research…
Are We a Mind, a Body or Both? Of all the topics that are currently occupying the attention of philosophers, the Mind-Body problem is at center stage. It is one of the classical metaphysical issues concerning the relationship between that which is mental and that which is physical. The simple question asked is: what are we? Are we a mind, a body or both? The issue has its origins in the ancient dualism of Plato and since then many solutions to the problem have been offered. D.M. Armstrong s The Mind-Body Problem gives rise to all the possible solutions to the problem. In his writings, he accurately depicts the views of others, as well as his own. Armstrong wants it to be clear that all theories of the mind-body relation get involved in a certain amount of difficulty. The thing that we have to try and judge is what sort of theory seems to come off best [with] all things concerned. It is not and easy task (20). Out of the many possible theories, the Dualistic approach seems to be the weakest in trying to pose a solution, while the Eliminative Materialistic approach appears to have the strongest hold on answering the never-ending question. According to Dualism, the human person is composed of two completely different substances: the mind and the body. The body, or physical substance, is essentially located and extended in space, inactive, lifeless and unthinking. The mind, or mental substance, is essentially active, living, thinking, and, though located in time, not located in space. Altogether, the human person is some sort of union of a mind and a body (9). This form of Dualism, which seems to be the least plausible in offering a sufficient answer to the mind-body problem, is more commonly referred to as substance dualism. Perhaps the most famous advocate of substance dualism was Rene Descartes, a 17th century philosopher who put forth a tremendous influence on the religious and scientific community of his time. Aside from substance dualism, Descartes also adds a…