What Ways Did The Ideas Of The Enlightenment Contribute To Atlantic Revolutions

APWH
Ch 17 Big Picture and Margins Questions

1. In what ways did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to Atlantic Revolutions?
Human political and social arrangements could be engineered and improved by human action.
Liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism, rationality, popular sovereignty, natural rights, consent of the goverened and social contracts provided the underpinnings of the revolutions.

2. What was revolutionary about the American Revolution?
Marked a decisive political change
Sought to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies

3. How did the French Revolution differ from the American Revolution?
French insurrection was driven by conflict within French society
F.R. was more violent
F.R. started from scratch recreating a new society with a new calendar, administrative system and street names

4. What was distinctive about the Haitian revolution and in comparison of the Atlantic Revolutions?
Completely successful slave revolt

5. How were the Spanish revolutions shaped by the American, French and Haitian?
Napoleon conquered and deposed monarchs of Spain and Portugal forcing colonies to take action.
Enlightenment ideas
Violence from French and Haitian revolutions was a lesson for Latin America

6.
What accounts for the end of Atlantic slavery during the 19th century?
Enlightenment thinkers were becoming increasingly critical of slavery (Voltaire).
Christians pushed for abolition (Quakers)
Slave revolts (Haiti) made slavery appear politically unwise.

7. How did the end of slavery affect the lives of former slaves?
Economic lives of former slaves did not improve dramatically.
Outside of Haiti, freed slaves did not achieve anything close to political equality.
Former slaves were legally free

8. What accounts for a growth in nationalism during the 19th century?
Ties by blood, culture or common experience
Science weakened the hold of religion
Migration to industrial cities
Published works in various dialects
Drew on songs, dance, folktales, historical experiences instilled national loyalties in their citizens through schools, public rituals, mass media, and military service.

9. What were achievements and limitations of 19th century feminism?
Increased availability in educational opportunities and increase in literacy rates
In the US, allowed women to manage and control their own property and wages, separate from their husbands, divorce in some areas, maintain occupations in education, nursing and the medical
field.
Suffrage was not made available to women until the 20th century.
Big Picture ?s

1. Chart was made in notes.
2. Do revolutions originate in oppression and injustice, in the weakening of political authorities, in new ideas, or in the activities of small groups of determined activists?
Weakening of political authorities and Enlightenment ideas played a role in revolution. Small groups of activists lead the feminist revolution.

3. “The influence of revolutions endured long after they ended.” To what extent does this chapter support or undermine this idea?
The Reflections section at the end of the chapter emphasizes the long-term implications of the French Revolution when it opens up with a comment by Chinese revolutionary leader Zhou Enlai, who in 1976 famously said that it was still “too early to say” what he thought about the French Revolution.
Echoes of Revolution focuses on the long-term repercussions of the Atlantic revolutions in the abolition of slavery, the rise of nationalism

4. In what ways did the Atlantic Revolutions and their echoes give a new and distinctive shape to the emerging societies of 19th century Europe and Americas?
Governments based on popular sovereignty emerged
Voting rights increased
Nationalism strengthened
Promoted abolitionist and feminist movements