The purpose of this experiment was to create and obtain pure acetaminophen. p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride were used to create acetaminophen and acetic acid. The acetic acid mixed with acetaminophen created an impure sample, which was purified through the addition of a water/methanol solution. The percent recovery of acetaminophen from the impure sample to the pure sample was 76%. The melting point of the pure sample was 167C - 169C.…
Figure 1: Titration curve of 0.160 grams of an unknown diprotic acid that was dissociated in distilled water. Shown is the pH versus the volume in milliliters of 0.1 M NaOH, a strong base, added to the solution. The initial pH reading of the solution was a pH of 2.60. Although the pH of the ½ equivalence point was unknown, it could be estimated by halving the volume of NaOH used at the first equivalence point. At the first equivalence point, 13.63 milliliters of NaOH had been added to the unknown acid solution.…
Aspirin, Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this, the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms, causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel. Once separated, the components extracted were characterized by measuring the melting point and performing a TLC analysis. Also, the recovered aspirin from the first part of the experiment was recrystallized and compared to that of the isolated aspirin.…
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the composition of a simulated pharmaceutical preparation Panacetin, a proposed type of pain-killer. Panacetin is typically made up of sucrose, aspirin, and acetaminophen, but the third component in this experiment is unknown. The unknown component is suspected to be a chemical relative of acetaminophen, either acetanilide or phenacetin. Using techniques such as extraction, evaporation, and filtration, the three components will be isolated based on their solubilities and acid-base properties. The percent composition of Panacetin will also be deduced based on the masses of the three dried components; this is done to verify the composition attained is consistent with those listed on the preparations label. As a result of this investigation, my teammates and I allowed the Panacetin to undergo gravity filtration and separation techniques in order to identify whether there are any discrepancies in the components of the Panacetin. Furthermore, recrystallization and purification methods were used to determine if the unknown substance were similar in properties to either of the suspected unknown substances by comparing factors such as melting points to the chemical properties of phenactin and acetanilide. The results were as expected, based on the molecular weights and ratios of each separated chemicals, as well as the boiling point of the unknown it was determined that these ranges were close enough to indicate that the label is reasonably accurate in its composition. To add on however the identity of the unknown component differed from what the label indicated. In the end, the percentage composition attained based on our observations and yield confirmed that indeed the chemical composition of Panacetin were as indicated on the preparations label. The identity of the unknown component however suggested that the preparation did not contain acetaminophen as indicated, but instead was consistent with the chemical properties…
Pre-Lab: Analgesic drugs are known for reducing pain, while antiseptic drugs reduce symptoms such as fevers and swelling. However, some of these drugs can reduce both illnesses. To obtain a pure compound in these drugs, the scientist needs to separate the desired compound by taking advantage of the different physical and chemical properties. Such as; different boiling points, melting points and their solubility properties. To do this a chemist can also asses the differences between acidic and basic substances when they are added to water soluble mixtures. Within this current experiment I will asses the pharmaceutical preparation of Panacetin, by using it 's solubility along with other organic molecules. We know that Panacetin is made up of sucrose, aspirin and some other unknown substance. We know the substance has to be Phenacetin or Acetanilide. To help solidify our reasoning, we need a % recovery of 8-12% sucrose, 35-45% aspirin and 45-55% unknown.…
Drugs are commonly classified as weak acids or weak bases. When placed in solution they can exist in both ionized and unionized forms, which is dependent upon the pH of the solution and the pKa of the drug. Weak acids (pKa of 3.0-7.5) become completely ionized at a higher pH. Acetaminophen and aspirin are examples of weak acids. When a drug reaches the kidney it has three possible outcomes: tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption, or glomerular filtration.…
First, estimating how much NaOH solution was needed became first step. NaOH solution was prepared in advance. For this step, dried KHP was weighed out 0.2 to 0.3 g and put into 250 mL of Erlenmeyer flask. 25-50 mL of distilled water was added to dissolve KHP. Even though some KHP remained, added NaOH solution would dissolve it. From this estimating titration, mass of KHP neutralizing 40 mL of NaOH solution was computed. Blank titration was performed with 65 mL of distilled water and 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein.…
In this experiment, a reaction between the acidic household cleaners and a standardized basic solution was used for the titration. In order to obtain standardization of the basic solution (NaOH), a specific volume of the substance was measured and diluted to an approximate concentration; the concentration of this resulting solution was then verified using titrations. Once the standardized NaOH solution was obtained, the household cleaner was first treated with a pH indicator (phenolphthalein) so that the equivalence point, the instant where exactly enough standard solution has been added to the titrand so that their molar concentrations are equal, could be seen. The equivalence point in the titrations conducted was equal to the end point, the instance at which the pH indicator changes color, which allowed the exact point of equivalence to be reached based on physical observation of the titrand. After the indicator had been added to the household cleaner being titrated, the titration was performed and the volume of NaOH required to reach the equivalence/end point was noted; the titration was then repeated twice more to ensure accuracy and precision. To determine the concentration of the household cleaner, first the volume of NaOH used to reach the equivalence point was…
To help you better understand the pH in different substances please look at the below table.…
In this lab I will try to see in what an Alka-Seltzer tablet will dissolve fastest in. I need to figure out if the Alka-Seltzer tablet will dissolve slowest or fastest in tap water, warm water, cold water, salt water, or acidic water.…
Hypothesis: If we put the antacid in hot water, then it will dissolve faster than in cold water or room temperature water.…
We are all always dreading that time of the month.. Not only do you feel yucky all over, you also have to battle with mood swings, hormonal changes and most of all, stained undies. You're faced with the icky task of trying to scrub the mess from your clothes and bedding before stains sets in, and you may have to throw away another pair of panties or set of bed sheets.…
As we all know every solution is either acid or alkaline. Alkaline is often called base. These solutions can be anything from body fluids, to fruits, vegetables, seawater, beverages you name it. Acid and alkaline is measured in pH. It starts as low as zero being very acidic and works its way up to fourteen being the most basic. The pH of our stomach is 2, obviously to digest food, wine is 3.5,water is 7(neutral), arterial blood is 7.4, and seawater is 8.5. Baking soda is 12.…
The outer shell of the ILDD will dissolve into the bloodstream after 72 hours. After the outer shell dissolves, the inner component will dissolve into the bloodstream as well. Human blood contains significant amounts of water. Water is considered the universal solvent, so the water in the blood will be used to dissolve both parts of the…
When an acid is dissolved in water, there are more hydrogen ions(H+) present than hydroxyl ions(OH-) due to the fact that acids donate hydrogen ions. An alkaline or basic solution accepts hydrogen ions. As a result, it has more hydroxyl ions in solution. Using the pH scale, pure water is neutral with a pH of 7. Acids range from 1-6, with the strongest acid having a pH of 1. Alkaline substances range from 8-14, with 14 the value of the strongest base. When an acid is strong, like hydrochloric acid, the hydrogen ions will disassociate themselves more completely from the chlorine atoms in solution. A weaker acid will have less hydrogen ions in solution.…