Cahokia: Cahokia was a city in the southwest of Illinois that ran across the Mississippi River and emerged around AD 1000 (peaked in 1350). The spreading of maize to this region resulted in agricultural boom and, subsequently, a growth in urban population and complex society. Cahokia was significant because it became the center of the Mississippian culture, and its development resulted in a population increase from 10,000 to 30,000.…
An unscrupulous archaeologist by the name of Henirich Hochstetter excavated the Shoen-Tell site in Turkey in the late 1920s. Hochstetter was interested more in antiquities than in data, so he provided little substantive information tot eh professional community about his dig or his findings. However, a conscientious assistant of Hochstetter’s, Roxanne Browne, managed to collect detailed information on fifty of the burials Hochstetter plundered. Her data is the only information we have for the site. The only thing we know is that Hochstetter postulated that the Shoen-Tell burials reflect the rise of the first ranked societies in this part of Asia. You may assume that Browne’s data are a representative sample of the mortuary practices at Shoen-Tell. You may also assume that the burials are more or less contemporaneous. Using the provided data, please answer the following questions. Be sure to support your answers with data from the burials and/or information discussed in class or the text.…
The Hohokam culture is in many ways similar to that of Ancient Mesopotamian culture. Much like the Pueblo Grande site, people of the Ubaid Period in ancient Mesopotamia built elaborate canal systems, groups of residential houses, and centralized buildings (such as “great houses” or other public buildings). Besides architecture, cultural practices shared by the two groups can be seen in early burial practices, games and agriculture.…
Cahokia was the center, possibly the origin, of what anthropologists call Mississippian culture, a collection of agricultural communities that reached across the American Midwest and Southeast starting before A.D. 1000 and peaking around the 13th century. The idea that American Indians could have built something resembling a city was so foreign to European settlers, that when they discovered the mounds of Cahokia, the largest of which is a ten-story earthen colossus composed of more than 22 million cubic feet of soil, they commonly thought they must have been the work of a foreign civilization. Phoenicians or Vikings perhaps. Even to this day, the idea of an Indian city runs so contrary to American notions of Indian life that we can 't seem to absorb it, and perhaps it 's this ignorance that has led…
Sometimes a more elaborate material life isn’t always the better one. The Chumash peoples enjoyed a rich environment, a growing and settled population, flourishing commerce involving a market-based system (“individuals acting out of a profit motive”), and technological innovation with the creation of the planked canoe, aka tomol. Yet as fabulous as this innovation seemed, it caused major inequality in Chumash society. The elite craft guild, more commonly referred to as the Brotherhood of the Tomol, not only monopolized canoe production but elevated themselves to a position of immense power within the Chumash peoples and deepened the class distinction. After the innovation, emerged the permanent and hereditary political elite among the Chumash: the Chumash chiefs, all of whom were, not coincidentally, canoe owners. These high-ranking officers had fancy and elaborate burials, and were often buried with parts of their very own canoes. The more equality-seeking San peoples, however, had no formal leaders, chiefs, priests, or craft specialists. Political decisions were merely made by individual families and camps after group gatherings.…
Chetak affirms its commitment to provide a safe and sound working environment for every one of its representatives and guarantees that its operations are completed in a way that secures the earth and group when all is said in done. Working safely and in a naturally proper way are states of…
Calpurnia consistently demonstrates her belief in the importance of perspective as she teaches Jem and Scout of it and interacts between the black and white community of Maycomb County.…
The largest city in the Mississippian Society was Cahokia. It had a population comparable to many of the Eurasian cities. It was bigger than any Amerind settlement. It has the biggest mound surrounded by…
The first Native American Moundbuilders had lived east of the Mississippi River in Louisiana in 3400 BC. This was four hundred years before the Egyptian pyramids were built. The largest mound found in Louisiana was twenty-five feet high. The people in this group lived closely to bodies of water such as rivers and lakes and survived mainly on shellfish and fish. The Moundbuilders created relatively large piles of dirt domes that were used for marking territory, performing ceremonies, and were even sites for trade. The trade that was passed through consisted of beads, animal figurines, small stone tools and copper.…
He is currently the Curator of Mesoamerican and Central American Anthropology for Chicago’s Field Museum of Natural History. Dr. Feinman is known for his work in the development of an archaeology survey, as well as his research in the Oaxaca Valley in southern Mexico. Dr. Feinman asserts that the purpose of this title is not to redefine accepted theories and facts in anthropology and archaeology, but to consolidate them all into a single reference source. This is a compilation of anthropological data and theories as it stood during the new millennium. This text will assist me in providing relevant archaeological findings and anthropological theories on the topic of the foundation of neolithic cultural leisure. This text is similar to Dr Hanks and Dr Linduff 2009 title, Social complexity in prehistoric Eurasia. The primary difference is the scope of Dr. Feinman is much broader in the exploration of a wide variety of topics, while Drs Hanks and Lindruff provide a more detailed look at relevant finds in and around the Eurasian…
By around 500 A.D., the Hopewellians, too, disappeared, gradually giving way to a broad group of tribes generally known as the Mississippians or Temple Mound culture. One city, Cahokia, just east of St. Louis, Missouri, is thought to have had a population of about 20,000 at its peak in the early 12th century. At the center of the city stood a huge earthen mound, flatted at the top, which was 30 meters high and 37 hectares at the base. Eighty other mounds have been found…
Similarly, these symbols could be redrawn on a full scale by recreating the grid on the ground and working on each square conterminously. Finally, the most important part was the human sacrifice. According to a new discovery, a headless body was regarded that human sacrifice was used by the Nazca people in religious ceremonies. Moreover, the body was found in the Nazca area, buried seated with no head. It was said that the Nazca removed the brain and soft tissue from the skulls, sewed the lips closed with cactus spines and drilled a hole through the forehead to accommodate a loop of woven rope. Then, the heads were suspended on the ropes to show for people in the village who wanted to watch. Therefore, the religious ceremonies caused a great amazement for scientists and…
Colson, Elizabeth, 1953. The Makah Indians: A Study of an Indian Tribe in Modern American Society. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press.…
The Choctaw Indians were into cultivation , they hunted and raised corn along with a host of other crops. One of their chief religious ceremonies was a harvest celebration called , "The green corn dance." According to one legend, the Choctaw were created at a sacred mound called Nanih Waiya, near Noxapater ,Mississippi.…
region in sites such as Tikal, Lamilpa, and Altar de sacrificios, with similar stories of an…