Preview

Why some water samples are harder than others

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
925 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Why some water samples are harder than others
Why some water samples can be harder than others
(1)Hard water is any water containing an appreciable quantity of dissolved minerals. (2) Some of the minerals come from chalk, limestone or marble, which the water may have flowed over or through. (4) Hard water contains calcium or magnesium ions. Limestone, marble or chalks are insoluble in pure water however they will dissolve slowly in acidic rain. If your water has emerged through limestone or chalk (calcium carbonate) it will be hard. (1) Soft water is gratification water in which the only cation (positively charged ion) is sodium. The minerals in water give it an idiosyncratic taste. Some natural mineral waters are highly desired for their flavour and the health benefits they may converse. (3) Extremely hard water affects plumbing such as pipes and the performance of certain cleaning agents. When the water is heated the carbonates precipitate out of solution, forming scale in pipes and kettles.
(1) Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate and Magnesium Hydrogen Carbonate decompose when they are heated. The original insoluble carbonate is reformed.
This happens when water is boiled.
Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate Carbon Dioxide + Water + Calcium Carbonate.
Ca(HCO3)2(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) + CaCO3(s)

Magnesium Hydrogen Carbonate Carbon Dioxide + Water + Magnesium Carbonate
Mg(HCO3)2(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) + MgCO3(s)

Boiling the water causes the precipitation of solid calcium carbonate or solid magnesium carbonate. This removes the calcium ions or magnesium ions from the water and so removes the hardness. Therefore, hardness due to Hydrogen Carbonates is said to be temporary. Calcium sulphate is slightly soluble in water when a river flows over Gypsum; it dissolves some of the rock. Therefore calcium gets into the water.
How hard and soft water react with soap
(5)The cardinal

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Qwerty

    • 535 Words
    • 3 Pages

    In this experiment the hardness of water was checked due to the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. These ions do not pose any…

    • 535 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    As observed there was a color change and solid precipitate noted, of which the calcium and carbonate ions. The sodium and chlorine are cancelled, as spectator…

    • 1019 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Titration Lab Report

    • 1876 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Abstract. The “hardness” of water is a common dilemma attributed by high concentrations of metals such as calcium and magnesium. This is a result of the properties of water; because it is a good solvent, impurities are easily dissolved. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves minute amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Although it is not hazardous to health, hard water is a nuisance to both industrial and domestic water consumers. Mineral buildup on plumbing fixtures, poor soap and detergent performance, and a contribution…

    • 1876 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    | Minerals are dissolved in seawater and carried in solution. The load is not visible. Load can come from cliffs made from chalk or limestone, and calcium carbonate is carried along in solution.…

    • 359 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    De-Scalers

    • 538 Words
    • 3 Pages

    When water is heated limescale deposits can form, especially in machines such as fully automatic coffee makers, espresso machines and all hot water units. In this context you often hear about hard and soft water. The hardness of the water indicates the proportion of limescale. Your water supply company will provide more information about hardness of your water. If your groundwater flows through calcareous rock layers, eroded magnesium and calcium carbonate will cause limescale deposits in your water.…

    • 538 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The unknown carbonate is weighed and then dissolved in water. A solution of CaCl2 (calcium chloride) is added to the metal carbonate solution to precipitate the carbonate ions as CaCO3 (calcium carbonate). The precipitate is then filtered, dried, and weighed again.…

    • 599 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Water Sample

    • 448 Words
    • 2 Pages

    1. Is the flame spectrum from the Cesium Calibration Standard similar to or different from the spectrum from the Sample Metals Spectrum Chart?It is almost identical.…

    • 448 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Sacramento tap water reveals ion concentrations of various different dissolved minerals such as calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). These concentrations are a result of mineral deposits in local lakes and rivers. Perma Pure, a gas conditioning products manufacturing company, simplifies the mechanism of ion exchange by explaining that water is a solvent that dissolves most ionic bonds when exposed to compounds ("The Mechanism of Ion Exchange"). Therefore, as tap water passes through rocks it will pick up several different minerals resulting in hard water. As reported by the USGS water science school, calcium carbonate concentrations from 0 to 60 parts per million (ppm) are considered soft, while 61 to 120 ppm is medium, and anything past 121 ppm is classified as hard water (Perlman). In this experiment, a sample of Sacramento tap water was tested for its ion concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-), and sulfate (SO42-), which will give insight on potential negative and positive effects of using the tap water. If the concentrations of…

    • 825 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Water hardness is a major part of overall water quality that affects many industrial and domestic water users. Water is considered hard when there are high concentrations of the divalent cations Magnesium and Calcium; water hardness is considered as the sum of both the calcium and magnesium concentrations and expressed as calcium carbonate in milligrams per liter (mg/L).1 Hard water requires more soap and synthetic detergents for home laundry and washing, and contributes to scaling in boilers and industrial equipment. Calcium and magnesium carbonates tend to be deposited…

    • 2778 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Mission Mars Terraforming

    • 1504 Words
    • 7 Pages

    During the reaction hydrogen combines with one oxygen part of the Calcium Carbonate to produce H2O. Calcium reacts with the water element to produce an aqueous solution of Calcium Chloride CaCl2, therefor leaving Carbon and Oxygen to combine into Carbon Dioxide CO2 which is product of the visible milky solution seen in the experiment (Figure…

    • 1504 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is one of the substances found in gastric juices secreted by the lining of the stomach. HCl is needed by the enzyme pepsin to catalyze the digestion of proteins in the food we eat. Heartburn is a symptom that results when the stomach produces too much acid (hyperacidity).…

    • 328 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    pieces of the solid reactant, the rate would be faster than if it were larger…

    • 823 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Bleaching Powder

    • 390 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Calcium hypochlorite is a yellow white solid which has a strong smell of chlorine. It is not highly soluble in water and is more preferably used in soft to medium-hard water. It has two forms: dry and hydrated. The hydrated form is safer to handle.…

    • 390 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Chemistry Form 5

    • 3053 Words
    • 13 Pages

    Saponification is a process whereby the soaps are prepared by hydrolyzing fats or oils under alkaline conditions.…

    • 3053 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Hardness of water

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages

    It is when water passes through or over deposit such as limestone; the level of Ca²⁻and Mg²⁺and HCO₃ ions present in the water can greatly increase and cause the water to be classified as hard water. This term results from the fact that cation and magnesium ions in water combine with soap molecules, making it hard to get suds.…

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays