2. In what ways did women’s lives change during the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties?…
As a child a woman submits to her father, when married she submits to her husband, and when windowed she submits to her eldest son. Traditional beliefs are stated in a biography of the mother of Mengzi. In her own words she states the duties of a Chinese woman; “-to cook the five grains, heat the wine, look after her parents-in-law, make clothes, and that is all!..”. Chinese woman have no ambitions outside of the house, only to submit and do their duties for their men which in so in very opposing to the woman of the Roman Empire. Woman of Rome are seen to be “like a child”. As a child she is under the authority of her paterfamilias, when marries she’s under the jurisdiction of her husband’s paterfamilias. Unlike the woman of China, they are highly dependable on a male guardian to protect her needs and interests. Although, in both civilizations, the social standing of a woman remains depending on the level of hierarchy they belong…
The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a time of slightly deconstructed misogyny which allowed for the advancement of women. In fact, the Tang Dynasty experienced a small interruption with the second Zhou Dynasty (690-705) established by the only female monarch in Chinese history—Empress Wu. Empress Wu rose to power through ruthless tactics to move her from the emperor’s concubine, to the emperor’s consort, and eventually to the position of empress of China. Her significance as a Chinese ruler is exemplified through her use of the Chinese secret service, her influence over the civil service examination, her edicts to relieve the lower classes, and her lasting impact on China’s military and diplomacy.…
Unlike European industrializing power, China industrialized while relatively remote from other industrial nations, allowing it to develop its own strand of industrialization. Before industrialization, the humiliating practice of foot binding was very popular. Girls were often victims of infanticide, as boys could grow up to become government officials whereas girls would be married and become subservient to another family. Population growth in China caused by industrialization led to social change, and social revolution came in the form of the Taiping program, which decreed that men and women were equal. Though quickly put down, this showed that on the small scale, Chinese women were gaining more rights and independence, and a many people believed that they should no longer be treated as subservient…
It strengthened the Confucian ideal for a woman to be confined and subjugated by men. The control of women’s mobility not only assured her chastity, but also prevented her from running away or seeking help in the neighborhood. As a result, women must be passive and accept every whim and desire of her husband. In most cases, women were only treated as sex objects for men’s satisfaction. Women are being dehumanized. Because of this gender inequality, men are allowed to have as many concubines as they want, while women should always be loyal to their husbands.…
Women remained able to exploit the labour shortages to find themselves in a stable position. Women gained economic power. Likewise, female received more freedom, independence, assistance, respect, admiration and importance. Nevertheless, women continued with daily chores, cooking and other duties. Though, women weren’t under strict guidelines as usual.…
(2) In what ways was the Song dynasty a turning point in the history of Chinese women? Think about foot binding, market in women, sex-role segregation, female deities, and widow chastity. To what…
Wu began a campaign to elevate the position of women at the time. Empress Wu had scholars write biographies of famous women, and raised the position of women’s rights and power. Empress Wu was given the privileged position of first concubine even though by law she should’ve been left in the temple to be a nun. According to some historians resulted in better equality between the genders during the succeeding times of the Tang Dynasty.…
Brown et al. have also produced data attempting to answer this long-standing theory on the purpose of foot binding. In their 2012 paper, Marriage Mobility and Footbinding in Pre-1949 Rural China: A Reconsideration of Gender, Economics, and Meaning in Social Causation Brown et al preface their data by stating “It has long been assumed that before 1949 Chinese society was hypergamous —that most women married to a “better” household than the one in which they were born.” Despite this belief, they describe “In our sample of 7,314 rural women living in Sichuan, Northern, Central, and Southwestern China in the first half of the twentieth century, two-thirds of women did not marry up. In fact, 22 percent of all women, across regions, married down. In most regions, more women married up than down, but in all regions, the majority did not marry hypergamously.” (Melissa J. Brown et al 1035) In an attempt to reconcile this data, which debunks much of the assumptions that John Mao’s preferred theory rests upon, the paper presents a more likely theory: that feet binding was a form of labor control. In their discussion, they write “We deal elsewhere with the question of why footbinding ended, which can be summarized by saying that we have growing evidence that footbinding was a form of labor control to boost the contribution of young girls to handcraft production…We think changes in the larger political economy that threw…
In China, gender inequality still exists between husbands and wives; however, ever since 1950, the tendency of gender positions shared in a marriage is increasing. Both traditional and modern marriages require dowries and bride prices from both families, whereas the economic grows, either one side of the family has to disburse more to the other family. Moreover, the one who has higher education or earn the most has the authority in household. Working inequality is still present in some cities of China, however, the unfairness has improved distinctly from the past. The divorce rate is increasing, since women have the right to divorce and freedom to choose. In ancient China, due to women had overwhelmed by domination of men in marriages, marriages…
Words used to describe World War l: cataclysmic, catastrophic, and transformational because nothing was the same once the war was over. Because of new advances everything seemed like everything was in grasp right before World War I. It was not one mistake it was a series of mistakes. Not just destructive physically but in terms of global politics. Woodrow Wilson lead this country out of destruction, that was World War I.…
(Shelton 20) Boys were sent to school in order to learn about agriculture, warfare, Roman traditions, and public affairs for their future careers. ("Women in Ancient Rome”) Girls were supposed to stay at home and learn how to raise a family and care for the household. In China, especially in the rural communities, a girl’s education (or lack thereof) was very similar in practice; however, sometimes in wealthier families, young Chinese girls were taught how to read and write by their father. Women in this time period also invented a secret written language only for women called nu shu, which created an opportunity to share thoughts, feelings, and works of art or literature with other women in the community; this is one of the reasons why we have much more insight into the ancient Chinese woman’s life than the ancient Roman woman. However, no matter how educated they managed to become, these women were not allowed to take the imperial exams and therefore couldn’t have a career as a scholar or politician. (“Ancient China: Daily Life of Women”) This practice was reflected in Rome where, also in very wealthy families, fathers would sometimes send their daughters (as young as seven years old) off to school with the boys. However, the outcome was the same,…
Although the conditions for Qing women, especially upper class ones, were slowly improving (there is some evidence of female writers, poets, and painters), women were still seen as far second-class and subordinate to men and had few, if any, rights. They were not allowed to divorce their husbands, and they could be sold into slavery or prostitution if their parents or husband so desired. Footbinding, a practice in which a girl’s feet are broken and her toes slowly folded under the soles of her feet in the hopes that she would become more marriageable, was a common practice. Concubinage was also commonplace, as was infanticide of female children. These practices show how a woman was judged in society—her worth was determined by her beauty, her ability to be married off for a good price, and her ability to bear male children. Like the structure of society and family life in Qing China, the place of women in society was based on Confucianism; Confucius’ teachings explicitly subordinated women to men. For example, an old Chinese proverb that has been passed down through the centuries is, “The most beautiful and talented daughter is not as desirable as a deformed…
The Tang and Song dynasties were similar and different socially and politically. Similarly, they were both bureaucratic and had Confucian scholar-gentry. However, the Song had social requirements such as footbinding in women’s fashion which lead them to have a lower statues in the Song than in the…
Ming China had a strong civil based government within an advanced society. Mandarins ruled for 300 years by decrees who were political, economic and culturally strong. The capital was Beijing .Women in Ming China were sometimes wealthy property owners who had influence in the society but the majority of women were kept home by fathers or husbands. Rural women worked in fields among men while urban women were employed as silk weavers and embroiders. Upper class women were well educated and left a legacy of poetry for future generations. Wealthy women were frequently subjected to foot-binding for feminine beauty and high standing in society.…