This research paper will examine and explain how imaginative play via storytelling, doll play or other similar objects provide children an avenue to act out coping skills. By examining this thought, I will help to explain that “Children who live in supportive environments and develop a range of coping strategies become more resilient (DeBord: 2004).” This research paper will answer the question with a focus on resilience and coping: “Do children who play pretend have higher coping skills than children who do not play pretend?” The main character, Sara, in the story A Little Princess starts out in a supportive environment while living in India with her father, Captain Crewe. Sara’s father bought a doll especially named Emily as a special gift before leaving Sara to carry out his military assignment. After Sara is left in the care of Miss Minchin, Select Seminary for Young Ladies, her supportive and emotional environment1 in London drastically changes, especially upon being told of her father’s death and loss fortune. Sara encounters a very distressful situation as her social status changes into servant girl in lieu of being thrown out to the streets. Typically, childhood stress or can be caused by any situation that requires a person to adapt or change such as death, moving, and or abuse.2 Sara exercises her own set of positive coping strategies (doll play and imagination) throughout the story to bounce back in spite of her modified living environment. By adjusting to change, Sara was still able to remain and acknowledged by others as A Little Princess.
Doll Play as a form of Coping
Stover and Berkowitz3 stated that “children as young as 2 years of age have the ability to mentally represent and utilize pretend play to signify actual or imagined events” (708). In the story A Little Princess, Sara Crewe uses her creative imagination skills which resiliently play an important role when Miss Minchin
Cited: Benard, Bonnie. Resiliency: What We Have Learned. San Francisco, CA: WestEd. 2004. Bredekamp, S. and Copple, C. National Association for the Education of Young Children. 1997. [(Rev. ed.) ed.]. NAEYC, Washington, DC. 30 Nov. 2008. “Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs.” Burnett, Frances Hodgson Cole, E. and Pierce, F. “The use of dolls to assist young children with PTSD1 symptoms.” Journal of Family Psychotherapy. 18.2 (2007): 83-89. Convention on the Rights of the Child. G.A. res. 44/25, annex, 44 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 167, U.N. Doc. A/44/49 (1989), entered into force Sept. 2 1990. DeBord, Karen. Ph.D. Family & Consumer Sciences. April 2004. NC State University, A&T State University Cooperative Extension Service. 17 Nov. 2008. “Helping Children Cope with Stress.” . Doyle, C. “Surviving and coping with emotional abuse in childhood.” Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry. 6.3 (2001): 387. Katz, L. and McClellan, D. “Fostering children’s social competence: The teacher’s role.” NAEYC, Washington, DC. 1997. Kitano, Margie K. and Lewis, Rena B. Roeper Review. Summer 2005. BNET Business Network. 5 Dec. 2008. “Resilience and coping: implications for gifted children and youth at risk.” Knell, Susan M New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997. Masten, Ann. “Ordinary Magic: Resilience processes in development.” American Psychologist. 56 (2001): 227-238. Medline Plus® Medical Encyclopedia. Update Date: 5/8/2008. U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health. 17 Nov. 2008. “Stress in Childhood.” . National Association for the Education of Young Children. Revised April 2005. NAEYC, Washington, DC. 3 Dec. 2008. “Code of Ethical Conduct and Statement of Commitment.” Stover, Carla S Werner, E. E. “Protective factors and individual resilience.” Eds. J. P. Shonkoff & S. J. Meisels. Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention. 2nd ed., pp. 115-132. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.