In the first Induction and Inductivism chapter, the book discussed what induction means. Induction is a mode of reasoning that lead to a probable explanation or judgment. According to main contributor to the development of a satisfactory inductive method, Francis Bacon (1561-1626), scientific knowledge derives its justification by being based on generalization from experience. Observations made in a variety of circumstances are to be recorded impartially and then induction is used to arrive at a general law. A more sophisticated form of inductivism combines the distinction between the context of discovery and the context of justification, with the view that evidence in science does give us positive reasons for believing both scientific theories, and the generalisations about the future behavior of things that we can derive from them. Sophisticated inductivism, like falsificationism, departs from naïve inductivism by giving an important role to non-rational factors in the development of science.
The second chapter goes into The Problem of Induction and Inductivism by providing an excellent classification of possible respond to Hume’s skepticism. Among the respond strategy, the following are the most popular in contemporary philosophy. Those are Induction is rational by definition, Hume’s argument is too general since it does not appealto anything specific about our inductive practices it can onlybe premised on the fact that induction is