Preview

A Study of Azeotrope and Acetone/Chloroform Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1345 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
A Study of Azeotrope and Acetone/Chloroform Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram
A Study of Azeotrope and Acetone/Chloroform Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram

Abstract:
Liquid-vapor phase of acetone/chloroform was studied through distilling a series of mixtures with different mole fraction. When the mixtures were boiling, their vapor was condensed through a water column and collected in a receiving container. Refractive index was collected for starting mixture, distillate and residue for each sample. A boiling temperature versus acetone’s mole fraction was constructed to show the liquid-vapor phase diagram. The boiling temperature of azeotrope was determined to be 62.2oC with the composition of 23% acetone and 77% chloroform.

Keyword: liquid-vapor phase, acetone/chloroform mixture, azeotrope

INTRODUCTION
In an ideal binary mixture, the interactions between two components A and B are equal to each other. The interaction between A-A, A-B, and B-B are the same. Raoult’s law is hold in ideal liquid mixture giving that at a specific temperature, the vapor pressure of a component is proportional to its mole fraction in the mixture.
In reality, many binary mixture do not follow Raoult’s law. The actual vapor pressure can be higher or less than what predicted by Raoult’s law and causes positive or negative deviation. For a positive deviation system, A-B interaction are favorable and the boiling temperature curve at different mole fraction gives a maximum. For a negative deviation system, A-B interaction are unfavorable and the boiling temperature curve shows a minimum. At maximum or minimum point on the curve, the composition of the liquid and of the vapor are the same. Such a mixture is called azeotrope.
This study focuses on the mixture of acetone and chloroform. To obtain a boiling temperature vs. mole fraction diagram, a series of simple distillation will be performed. Distillation basically means boiling the mixture and the vapor is obtained in a receiving container. The liquid samples will be analyzed by refractive index. In Figure 1, the

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Ap Chemistry Lab Report

    • 678 Words
    • 3 Pages

    4. When vaporized, the volatile liquids used in this experiment do not behave exactly as ideal gases. How would this tend to affect your calculated molecular weight?…

    • 678 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    A&P2 midterm

    • 1551 Words
    • 6 Pages

    directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and the total pressure of the mixture.…

    • 1551 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    O Chem

    • 729 Words
    • 3 Pages

    40ml of an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was obtained and transferred into a 100ml round bottomed boiling flask which contained boiling chips. The distilling column was packed with metal sponge and the height was measured in centimeters and recorded. The distillation apparatus was assembled and a heat mantle was set. Several vials were used as fraction receivers. The vials were labeled, 1-4, and weighed prior to adding the liquid mixture and after the liquid was added. The temperature was recorded before adding heat in order to begin distillation (20º C). The temperature was recorded prior to each distillation fraction and after each 2ml of distillate which was recorded in table 1. The system was turned off and cooled down letting the remaining condensed vapor drain into the round bottomed flask. This sample was transferred by pipette into a vial…

    • 729 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Chem 151 Gas Behavior

    • 1294 Words
    • 6 Pages

    This paper reports a lab experiment done on the ideal gas law to determine differences in gas based upon their “R” constant difference to 0.082057. A total of seven gases were tested, which included, Ethanol, Hexane, Cyclohexane, Pentane, Ethyl Acetate, Butane and Acetone. These gases were each heated and then condensed to liquid gas to find specific values and determined Ethanol as the gas closest to ideal behavior in this experiment.…

    • 1294 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Orgo Lab 2

    • 496 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Experiment II involved two kinds of distillation techniques: simple and fractional. Simple distillation was done to separate ethyl acetate—which has a usual boiling point of 77º—from a less volatile component, while fractional distillation was done to distinguish an ethyl acetate/n-butyl acetate mixture, which has boiling points of 77º and 125 º, respectively.…

    • 496 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The liquid samples were poured onto the watch glass and left to dry for a week. The dry samples were also kept but were not relevant for our results because of the insoluble characteristics. After one week, the weights of the dried liquid samples on the watch glasses were taken. Four TLC plates were obtained and a line, about 1 cm from the bottom, was drawn across the plate. Each solid on the different watch glasses were scraped to obtain a small sample and placed into test tubes to be dissolved in acetone once again.…

    • 473 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Background: Distillation consists of heating a liquid until it vaporizes, and then condensing the vapor and collecting it in a separate container. Distillation is used to separate mixtures of liquids that either have different boiling points, or that have one component that does not distill. There are many types of distillation, each of which has a distinct purpose. Steam distillation is used to isolate volatile substances that have high boiling points. When two immiscible liquids are distilled together, the amounts of each component in the distillate are constant. Also, the boiling point of the mixture is lower than that of either of the individual components. This is because the components do not have compatible intermolecular forces, and so the component in lesser concentration will form “bubbles”, like oil droplets in water, weakening the overall intermolecular forces in the mixture, and thus lowering the boiling point. This process allows high- boiling compounds, which can decompose before they boil if heated alone, to be distilled at temperatures below 100°C. Once the liquid mixture is heated to its boiling point, the liquid is converted to vapor. The vapors, richer in a more volatile component, are then condensed into a separate container.…

    • 635 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Section 1 As a member of Group 2, we were investigating why the liquids Ethanol, Propanol, Water, Pentane and Acetone evaporate at different rates. Methanol and Butanol were not liquids investigated by our group, but collectively as a class we were able to record averages of rates of evaporation.…

    • 687 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Based on the theoretical and actual refractive index of both simple and fractional distillation we can determine the success of the experiment. The results are also supported by general conditions of distillation. The actual refractive index for the simple distillation was very similar to the theoretical index we calculated.(Simple- 1.3903 at 22.1 degrees versus Fractional 1.3707 at 22.9) The theoretical refractive index was 1.397 at 20.5 degrees. If depicted in graph form, the lines would match up more closely than the refractive qualities in the fractional distillation. Simple distillations are best separated with two compounds whose boiling points have a difference greater than 30 degrees celsius. The difference between cyclohexane and 2-methylpentane is 52.74 degrees.(cyclohexane-80.74-2 methypentane-28).…

    • 274 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Introduction: Simple distillation is a commonly used method to separate and purify the mixtures of organic liquids into their original components. Mixtures of two miscible liquids with two different boiling points were separated. Therefore, it can be said that the two organic compounds are separated by exploiting the different boiling temperatures of the liquids. Both vaporization and condensation were used in this experiment. The two organic compounds used in this experiment were ethyl benzene and cyclohexane, which have the boiling point of 136°C and 80.74°C, respectively. This experiment resulted…

    • 1803 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Naphthalene Chromatography

    • 1479 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The melting point of 10% naphthalene / 90% Biphenyl mixture was determined by electronic instrumentation. Two samples were prepared and placed in closed end capillary tubes and then inserted into the "Mel-Temp" device beginning at 30°C and set at 22 volts to ensure gradual heating; approximately 1°C per minute. Two trials were completed on each sample. The results were then categorized and combined with other data sets collected by the laboratory students. This data was then used to find the eutectic point of the two substances…

    • 1479 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    As a liquid evaporates, it lowers the temperature of the substances around them, because evaporation is an endothermic process. In the graph, each substance has a different curve. Some lowered the temperature much more than others. This is because different substances require differing amounts of energy to evaporate. To test this, the temperature change from the evaporation of 4 different alcohols was measured and compared, along with cyclohexane. Methanol had the largest change in temperature, 18.9 ºC. This indicates that methanol has the weakest intermolecular attractions out of the 4 alcohols, because it evaporated the most. This may be because methanol is a small molecule so it has less electrons and therefore is not as polarizable as…

    • 353 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    78.6% ——– B. Henry’s Law 1. Amount of gas in solution is proportional to pp of that gas 2. At gas and liquid contact – gas under pressure will force gas into liquid until equilibrium 3. Ex) soda under pressure in can until opened 4. At given pp and temp – gas solubility determines am’t…

    • 1162 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Experimental: Sodium metal was patted dry to remove any oil and was cat into small pieces. A dry 100cm3 round bottom flask was placed on a cork ring, on a balance and tarred sodium metal (0.6g) was placed into the flask. The flask was then attached to the dry reflux condenser and industrial methylated spirits (IMS, 15cm3) was added. Once all of the sodium has dissolved the solution was cooled to room temperature and the para-acetamidophenol (3.5g) was added. Ethyl iodine (3.0cm3) was slowly introduced to the mixture through the top of the condenser and the resulting in the mixture was boiled at reflux temperature for 20 minutes and was placed in a rotary evaporator to remove any excess solvent. Distilled water (40cm3) was added to the mixture and the flask was placed in ice until crystals were formed. The crude product was filtered using vacuum filtration the filtrates were washed with very little cold water and were left dry as much as possible.…

    • 652 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    acetone

    • 9648 Words
    • 49 Pages

    Acetone is a clear, colorless, volatile liquid with sweer odor. It is both the simples aliphatic ketone and the most commercially important. It has a distinctive fruity or mint-like odor and a pungent taste. It is also found naturally in plants, tress, volcanic gases, and forest fires and as a by product of the breakdown of body fat. Nearly all world production of acetone is via cumene peroxidation, as a coproduct with phenol. Its main use is as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of acetone cyanohydrin for methyl methacrylate, bisphenol A and aldol chemicals. Catalytic dehydrogenation of propanol can be chosen as an alternative synthetic route when high-purity of acetone is required, such as in biomedical applications. A single pass conversion of 85-92% wuth respect to isopropanol, with reactor conditions of 2bar and 350oC, is generally achieved for this process (Turton et. al, n.d as in Tremoulet, Unton, & Feng, 1998). A molten salt will be used a heat source for the endothermic reaction:…

    • 9648 Words
    • 49 Pages
    Powerful Essays