O Chem
July 14, 2009
Experiment 6: Fractional Distillation.
Separation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Abstract: A mixture of cyclohexane and toluene were separate from one another by fractional distillation in order to measure the composition of each fraction and prepare the sample for gas chromatography.
Introduction: Distillation has been used since antiquity to separate the components of mixtures. This method has been used to manufacture different organic chemicals but the most recent application is the refining of petroleum in order to produce fuels, lubricants and petrochemicals. In this experiments, the separation of 2 distilates were carried out using the differences in boiling points and the data was used for a gas chromatography test.
Objectives: Separation of an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene by fractional distillation
Materials:
Equimolar mixture: cyclohexane/toluene Water Distilling columns Column packing Thermometer heat source flasks
[pic] [pic] [pic] heat source
Structural Formulas:
[pic] [pic] toluene
Description: 40ml of an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was obtained and transferred into a 100ml round bottomed boiling flask which contained boiling chips. The distilling column was packed with metal sponge and the height was measured in centimeters and recorded. The distillation apparatus was assembled and a heat mantle was set. Several vials were used as fraction receivers. The vials were labeled, 1-4, and weighed prior to adding the liquid mixture and after the liquid was added. The temperature was recorded before adding heat in order to begin distillation (20º C). The temperature was recorded prior to each distillation fraction and after each 2ml of distillate which was recorded in table 1. The system was turned off and cooled down letting the remaining condensed vapor drain into the round bottomed flask. This sample was transferred by pipette into a vial
Experiment 6: Fractional Distillation.
Separation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Abstract: A mixture of cyclohexane and toluene were separate from one another by fractional distillation in order to measure the composition of each fraction and prepare the sample for gas chromatography.
Introduction: Distillation has been used since antiquity to separate the components of mixtures. This method has been used to manufacture different organic chemicals but the most recent application is the refining of petroleum in order to produce fuels, lubricants and petrochemicals. In this experiments, the separation of 2 distilates were carried out using the differences in boiling points and the data was used for a gas chromatography test.
Objectives: Separation of an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene by fractional distillation
Materials:
Equimolar mixture: cyclohexane/toluene Water Distilling columns Column packing Thermometer heat source flasks
[pic] [pic] [pic] heat source
Structural Formulas:
[pic] [pic] toluene
Description: 40ml of an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was obtained and transferred into a 100ml round bottomed boiling flask which contained boiling chips. The distilling column was packed with metal sponge and the height was measured in centimeters and recorded. The distillation apparatus was assembled and a heat mantle was set. Several vials were used as fraction receivers. The vials were labeled, 1-4, and weighed prior to adding the liquid mixture and after the liquid was added. The temperature was recorded before adding heat in order to begin distillation (20º C). The temperature was recorded prior to each distillation fraction and after each 2ml of distillate which was recorded in table 1. The system was turned off and cooled down letting the remaining condensed vapor drain into the round bottomed flask. This sample was transferred by pipette into a vial