Bio 12 Vocab Cell Structure
Cell Structure Vocabulary
Cell Membrane → the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
Cell Wall → a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
Cellular Respiration → A series of metabolic processes that take place within a cell in which biochemical energy is harvested from organic substance (e.g. glucose) and stored as energy carriers (ATP) for use in energy-requiring activities of the cell.
Chloroplast → (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Chromatin → the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
Chromosome → a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Cristae → The infoldings or inward projections of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, which are studded with proteins and increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur like cellular respiration.
Cytoplasm → is that part of the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope. It is the jelly-like substance in a cell that contains the organelles
Cytoskeleton → a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
Golgi Bodies → a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Lysosome → an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Matrix → the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic
Cell Membrane → the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
Cell Wall → a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
Cellular Respiration → A series of metabolic processes that take place within a cell in which biochemical energy is harvested from organic substance (e.g. glucose) and stored as energy carriers (ATP) for use in energy-requiring activities of the cell.
Chloroplast → (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Chromatin → the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
Chromosome → a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Cristae → The infoldings or inward projections of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, which are studded with proteins and increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur like cellular respiration.
Cytoplasm → is that part of the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope. It is the jelly-like substance in a cell that contains the organelles
Cytoskeleton → a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
Golgi Bodies → a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Lysosome → an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Matrix → the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic