Bio 3U

Bio Review: Unit 1
Diversity of Living Things

Diversity- all the different kinds of life on Earth
Species Diversity- variety of species, abundance of the species in a given area
Genetic Diversity- variation of genes within a species
Ecosystem Diversity- diverse range of habitats, various organisms within habitats & relationships between them

Prokaryotes
Eukaryote
Appearance

Size
- Always smaller
- 1000x larger
DNA structure
- Plasmid (one strand circular DNA)
- Dna in nucleoid area
- Chromatin in nucleus (chromosomes)
- Multiple chromosomes in pairs
Nuclear Region
- Nucleoid area
- No membrane-bound nucleus
- Membrane bound nucleus
- Nucleolus
Complexity
- No true organelles
- Simple structure
- All organelles (developed)
- Much more complex
Reproduction
- Binary fission
- Mitosis (somatic), meiosis (gametes)
Examples
- Bacteria, archaea
- All other cells (kingdoms)

Classification

3 Domains
Archaea, bacteria, eukarya (protists, plants, animals, fungi)
6 Kingdoms
Bacteria, archaea, plants, animals, fungi, protists

Taxonomy
Created by Carolus Linnaeus
Classified using morphology of organisms
All species given a Latin scientific name

Hierarchy of Groups
Organisms that look alike are placed in groups called taxon
Kingdom > Phylum > Class > order > family > genus > species
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As you move down the system, each taxon contains fewer species
Binomial nomenclature: (genus name, species name)

Dichotomous key- identify organisms using their morphology (linear path)
Common ancestry- different species evolved form one common ancestor (the more recent the ancestor, the fewer the differences in DNA)
Phylogeny- studying the evolutionary relationships between/among species
Phylogenetic analysis- compare current living species with extinct species
Phylogenetic tree- branching diagram representing a hypothesis for evolutionary relationships between organisms (common