Biology
Bio 93 Review Sheet:
1. Understand all the THEMES presented in the introductory lecture (lec 1).
2. What is an open system? Energy in and out, comes in and leaves as heat
3. What are the 4 most important elements in the human body? C, O, N, H
4. Draw the periodic square for Helium. How many valence electrons does it have? How do you figure this out using the periodic table? Two valence e-,
23He, all the way right full shell only holds two electrons
5. What is an isotope? How are they used? Different number of neutrons, used in biological research (radioactive)
6. Describe the 4 main types of bonds. Put them in order from strongest to weakest.
Covalent-electrons are shared between the atoms, can be polar or nonpolar depending on the difference in electronegativity
Ionic- one atom takes an e- from another, form anions and cations
Hydrogen- between H and O, N or F, because electronegativity and unpaired e-
Vanderwaals- between all molecules, movement of e- causing slight change in polarity
7. List the important features of water. Cohesion, hydrogen bonds, float as ice, best solvent, high specific heat
8. If you add more H+ ions to a solution, will it become more acidic or basic? If you add OH- to a solution, will it become more acidic or basic? more acidic, more basic
9. Why do hydrocarbons release a large amount of energy when they react? Breaking a covalent bond which releases a lot of energy
10. What are the functional groups? Name their structure and properties. Keep in mind how their properties will affect how they interact with other molecules.
11. How do you build a polymer? How do you breakdown a polymer? Build by dehydration from monomers and take out wather, break down by hydrolysis add water to form monomers
12. Know the 4 major macromolecules. Here are some important things you should know from each category.
a. Carbohydrates- Glucose, alpha-glucose-starch, beta-glucose-cellulose, monomer: monosaccharides, polymer:
1. Understand all the THEMES presented in the introductory lecture (lec 1).
2. What is an open system? Energy in and out, comes in and leaves as heat
3. What are the 4 most important elements in the human body? C, O, N, H
4. Draw the periodic square for Helium. How many valence electrons does it have? How do you figure this out using the periodic table? Two valence e-,
23He, all the way right full shell only holds two electrons
5. What is an isotope? How are they used? Different number of neutrons, used in biological research (radioactive)
6. Describe the 4 main types of bonds. Put them in order from strongest to weakest.
Covalent-electrons are shared between the atoms, can be polar or nonpolar depending on the difference in electronegativity
Ionic- one atom takes an e- from another, form anions and cations
Hydrogen- between H and O, N or F, because electronegativity and unpaired e-
Vanderwaals- between all molecules, movement of e- causing slight change in polarity
7. List the important features of water. Cohesion, hydrogen bonds, float as ice, best solvent, high specific heat
8. If you add more H+ ions to a solution, will it become more acidic or basic? If you add OH- to a solution, will it become more acidic or basic? more acidic, more basic
9. Why do hydrocarbons release a large amount of energy when they react? Breaking a covalent bond which releases a lot of energy
10. What are the functional groups? Name their structure and properties. Keep in mind how their properties will affect how they interact with other molecules.
11. How do you build a polymer? How do you breakdown a polymer? Build by dehydration from monomers and take out wather, break down by hydrolysis add water to form monomers
12. Know the 4 major macromolecules. Here are some important things you should know from each category.
a. Carbohydrates- Glucose, alpha-glucose-starch, beta-glucose-cellulose, monomer: monosaccharides, polymer: