Chapter 18 APUSH analysis
Reconstruction: North and South
What were the different approaches to Reconstruction?
How did Congress try to reshape southern society?
What was the role of African Americans in the postwar south?
What were the main issues in national politics in the 1870s?
The War’s Aftermath
Important questions arose o Should the Confederate leaders be tried for treason? o How should new governments be formed? o How and at whose expense was the South’s economy to be rebuilt? o Should debts incurred by the Confederate state governments be honored? o Who should pay to rebuild South’s railroads and buildings? o What was to be done for the freed slaves?
Some wanted to forgive and forget, others were vengeful
Development in the North
To some Americans the Civil War had been more truly a social revolution o Lowered power of agrarian elite o Strengthened captains of industry
Government favored northeastern businessmen and western farmers
In absence of southern members, Congress enacted Republican economic agenda o Morrill tariff—doubled average level of import duties o National Banking Act—created uniform system of banking and currency o Transcontinental railroad legislation o Homestead Act of 1862—Congress voted free federal homesteads of 160 acres to settlers o Morrill Land Grant Act—conveyed to each state 30,000 acres of federal land per Congress member
Devastation in the South
South contrasted to North o Ruin and desolation
Property values collapsed o Bonds and paper money was worthless o Expansion of cotton market was over, as was tobacco, rice, and hemp
A Transformed South
Planters were left homeless and destitute o Freeing of slaves, destruction of property, collapse of land value
Some were so embittered that they moved to Canada, Europe, South America, and Asia o Some settled in Midwestern cities
Those that remained in the south found old social roles reversed o Negroes
What were the different approaches to Reconstruction?
How did Congress try to reshape southern society?
What was the role of African Americans in the postwar south?
What were the main issues in national politics in the 1870s?
The War’s Aftermath
Important questions arose o Should the Confederate leaders be tried for treason? o How should new governments be formed? o How and at whose expense was the South’s economy to be rebuilt? o Should debts incurred by the Confederate state governments be honored? o Who should pay to rebuild South’s railroads and buildings? o What was to be done for the freed slaves?
Some wanted to forgive and forget, others were vengeful
Development in the North
To some Americans the Civil War had been more truly a social revolution o Lowered power of agrarian elite o Strengthened captains of industry
Government favored northeastern businessmen and western farmers
In absence of southern members, Congress enacted Republican economic agenda o Morrill tariff—doubled average level of import duties o National Banking Act—created uniform system of banking and currency o Transcontinental railroad legislation o Homestead Act of 1862—Congress voted free federal homesteads of 160 acres to settlers o Morrill Land Grant Act—conveyed to each state 30,000 acres of federal land per Congress member
Devastation in the South
South contrasted to North o Ruin and desolation
Property values collapsed o Bonds and paper money was worthless o Expansion of cotton market was over, as was tobacco, rice, and hemp
A Transformed South
Planters were left homeless and destitute o Freeing of slaves, destruction of property, collapse of land value
Some were so embittered that they moved to Canada, Europe, South America, and Asia o Some settled in Midwestern cities
Those that remained in the south found old social roles reversed o Negroes