The Gorbachev Era Gorbachev became the new leader of the Soviet Union. Perestroika meant only a reordering of economic policy. The most important instruments was glasnost. Soviet citizens and officials were encouraged to discuss openly the strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet Union. Previously banned works were now published, and music based on western styles began to be performed openly. Gorbachev called for the creation of a new Soviet parliament. Legalized the formation of other political parties and struck article 6 from the Soviet constitution. Gorbachev became the Soviet Union's forst president. Ethnic groups took advantage of the new openness to protest what they percieved as ethnically motivated slights. The Soviet army had difficulty controlling the situation.
The End of the Soviet Union Gorbachev labored to cooperate more closely with Boris Yeltsin. A group of discontented rightists arrested Gorbachev and attempted to sieze power. Gorbachev's unwillingness to work with conspirators caused the coup to disintegrate rapidly. The Soviet republics moved for complete independence. Gorbachev resigned and turned over his responsibilities to Boris Yeltsin.
The New Russia Yeltsin was committed to introducing a free market economy. A dramatic rise in the activities in organized crime mobs. Yeltsin pushed ahead with plans for a Russian constitution that would abolish the Congress of People's Deputies, create a 2-chamber parliament and a strong presidency. Growing economic inequality and rampant corruption aroused widespread criticism.
The Putin Era Yeltsin suddenly resigned and was replaced by Vladmir Putin. He vowed to bring an end to corruption and inexperience and to strengthen the role of the centrsl government. Putin also vowed to return Chechnya to Russian authority. Putin launched the unrestricted sale and purchase of land and tax cuts. The economy rely on exports of natural gas, oil and metals.
The Fall A new coalition government was