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1.) What is the role of centralized government in Chinese history? Why is the Dynastic cycle a critical component of Chinese society? China had a large population. A strong centralized government was needed to keep order. With a strong government China was able to expand its population. The dynastic cycle was a critical component of Chinese society because once one dynasty grew weak; a new dynasty could come in and start fresh to fix the issues. The new dynasty would start out strong and develop communities with a strong economy. Then, that dynasty would grow weaker and fall victim to internal rebellions or invasions. The cycle would start over.
2.) What role does the Confucian system play in China? What is a notable problem Confucius set out to rectify? What is meant by the Rival Chinese schools? The Confucian system was based on the teachings of Confucius. Confucius spread ideas about political virtue and good government. He was not a religious leader which shifted Chinese values. He emphasized the importance of personal virtue. He believed that if people were taught that they would find a reverence for tradition and a solid political life. Confucius set out to rectify political disorder. He emphasized individual virtuous behavior. He thought that whatever a ruler did, his people would imitate and follow. The people will imitate the ruler’s self control. Confucius set up levels of authority stressing personal restraints and careful socialization of children. Rival Chinese schools are the thoughts and teachings of different philosophers that had different ideas that went against each other, such as Confucianism and Daoism.
3.) Page 42: The passage that begins “I take no action and people are reformed” is from the Confucian writings. I feel this way because Confucius believed that whatever the leader did, his people would follow. The passage that begins “The gentleman cherishes virtue” is from the Confucian teachings because he emphasized the

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