Exam II- Chapter 5
Exam II Study Guide
Chapter 5- Integumentary System ***Functions of the Skin
Protector-Barrier against bacteria, Melanin pigments protect against ultraviolet rays
Cutaneous Sensations- Relays sensations from surroundings to central nervous system. Tactile(touch, pressure vibration), Thermal(warmth), and pain
Thermoregulation-Helps maintain a constant body temperature) this is done by sweating and adjusting the diameter of blood vessels and flow of blood.
Storage and Absorption-Storage place for water, fats, glucose ( FAT SOULBE VITAMIN), also absorbs lead mercury and arsenic
Production of vitamin D3- Actually the skin synthesizes vitamin D. UV light activates the precursor of vit. D to for vitamin d3
3 Main Regions of Skin…
1. Epidermis – made up of epithelial cells; outermost, superficial protective shield of the body
2. Dermis – middle region; makes up bulk of skin; leathery, nutrient rich layer; composed of connective tissue; made up of two principal parts papillary and reticular
3. ***Hypodermis – also known as subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia);made up of ADIPOSE TISSUE; NOT considered TRUE LAYER of SKIN!!!.
***Cells of the Epidermis…
• Keratinocytes – produce the fibrous protein keratin, which makes skin & hair elastic( 90% of all cells)
• Melanocytes – produce the brown pigment melanin, which protects from UV radiation( 8% of all cells)
• Langerhans’ cells – epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system
• Merkel cells – function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
***The Five Epidermal Skin Layers:
“Cher Loves Getting Skin Botox!”
• The epidermis has 5 layers (moving superficial deep):
1. Stratum Corneum (Horny layer)
2. Stratum Lucidum (Clear layer)
3. Stratum Granulosum (Granular layer)
4. Stratum Spinosum (Prickly layer)
5. Stratum Basale (Basal layer)
(a.k.a. Stratum germinativum)
• ***Stratum Corneum – Outermost Layer; Keratinized Layer – this means
Chapter 5- Integumentary System ***Functions of the Skin
Protector-Barrier against bacteria, Melanin pigments protect against ultraviolet rays
Cutaneous Sensations- Relays sensations from surroundings to central nervous system. Tactile(touch, pressure vibration), Thermal(warmth), and pain
Thermoregulation-Helps maintain a constant body temperature) this is done by sweating and adjusting the diameter of blood vessels and flow of blood.
Storage and Absorption-Storage place for water, fats, glucose ( FAT SOULBE VITAMIN), also absorbs lead mercury and arsenic
Production of vitamin D3- Actually the skin synthesizes vitamin D. UV light activates the precursor of vit. D to for vitamin d3
3 Main Regions of Skin…
1. Epidermis – made up of epithelial cells; outermost, superficial protective shield of the body
2. Dermis – middle region; makes up bulk of skin; leathery, nutrient rich layer; composed of connective tissue; made up of two principal parts papillary and reticular
3. ***Hypodermis – also known as subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia);made up of ADIPOSE TISSUE; NOT considered TRUE LAYER of SKIN!!!.
***Cells of the Epidermis…
• Keratinocytes – produce the fibrous protein keratin, which makes skin & hair elastic( 90% of all cells)
• Melanocytes – produce the brown pigment melanin, which protects from UV radiation( 8% of all cells)
• Langerhans’ cells – epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system
• Merkel cells – function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
***The Five Epidermal Skin Layers:
“Cher Loves Getting Skin Botox!”
• The epidermis has 5 layers (moving superficial deep):
1. Stratum Corneum (Horny layer)
2. Stratum Lucidum (Clear layer)
3. Stratum Granulosum (Granular layer)
4. Stratum Spinosum (Prickly layer)
5. Stratum Basale (Basal layer)
(a.k.a. Stratum germinativum)
• ***Stratum Corneum – Outermost Layer; Keratinized Layer – this means