exam2
4 basic principles of medical ethics
Non-maleficencebeneficenceautonomyjustice
Define non-maleficence
"above all, do no harm" act in ways that don't cause needless harm or injury
Define beneficence
"to help or at least to do no harm" promote the positive welfare
Define utility bring about greatest benefit and least harm to greatest number of people define justice people receive that to which they are entitled, that their rights are recognized and protected define autonomy right of every adult human being freely to make and act upon decisions regarding his or her own life
Valid consent can only occur if... competent decision-maker has been given adequate info and is allowed to make the decision voluntarily w/o coersion.
Requirements of valid informed consent:
CompetenceDecision-Making Capacity
What is the difference between competence and decisional capacity?
What are the standards for surrogate decision making? when pt. lacks capacity to make a treatment decision
What are the three kinds of futility?
Physiological: It will not workProbabilistic: It probably wont workQualitative: It make work, is it worth the burden?
What is the difference between a positive and a negative right
Neg: Gov. and society cant interferePos: (entitlement) gov. and society are obligated to provide means
What are the three challenges to the “ethical project”?
Moral skepticismDeterminismRelativism list four reasons people come to different ethical conclusions.
Difference in...FactsBeliefs LoyaltiesReasoning
Three challenges to the “ethical project” relativism, determinism, and subjectivism
Peter Singer's beliefs on animals?
Deserve same protection or more as humans
Peter Singer's beliefs on infanticide:
Should have up to 2 years to decide if you want to keep the child.killing severely handicapped baby may not be as serious as killing a happy cat
Peter Singer's beliefs on active euthanasia: ethically justified
Peter Singer's belief on bestiality:
not
Non-maleficencebeneficenceautonomyjustice
Define non-maleficence
"above all, do no harm" act in ways that don't cause needless harm or injury
Define beneficence
"to help or at least to do no harm" promote the positive welfare
Define utility bring about greatest benefit and least harm to greatest number of people define justice people receive that to which they are entitled, that their rights are recognized and protected define autonomy right of every adult human being freely to make and act upon decisions regarding his or her own life
Valid consent can only occur if... competent decision-maker has been given adequate info and is allowed to make the decision voluntarily w/o coersion.
Requirements of valid informed consent:
CompetenceDecision-Making Capacity
What is the difference between competence and decisional capacity?
What are the standards for surrogate decision making? when pt. lacks capacity to make a treatment decision
What are the three kinds of futility?
Physiological: It will not workProbabilistic: It probably wont workQualitative: It make work, is it worth the burden?
What is the difference between a positive and a negative right
Neg: Gov. and society cant interferePos: (entitlement) gov. and society are obligated to provide means
What are the three challenges to the “ethical project”?
Moral skepticismDeterminismRelativism list four reasons people come to different ethical conclusions.
Difference in...FactsBeliefs LoyaltiesReasoning
Three challenges to the “ethical project” relativism, determinism, and subjectivism
Peter Singer's beliefs on animals?
Deserve same protection or more as humans
Peter Singer's beliefs on infanticide:
Should have up to 2 years to decide if you want to keep the child.killing severely handicapped baby may not be as serious as killing a happy cat
Peter Singer's beliefs on active euthanasia: ethically justified
Peter Singer's belief on bestiality:
not