lifespan development
Part 1:
Theory and Research in Human
Development
Human development
¤ Studying change and constancy throughout the lifespan.
Basic Issues in Lifespan
¤ Continuous or discontinuous?
¤ One course of development or many?
¤ Nature or nurture?
The Lifespan Perspective: A Balanced
Point of View
¤ Development as lifelong.
¤ Development as multidimensional and multidirectional.
¤ Development as plastic.
¤ Development as embedded in multiple context:
¤ age-graded influences
¤ history-graded influences
¤ nonnormative influences
Periods of Development
Prenatal
Conception to birth
Infancy and toddlerhood Birth to 2 years
Early childhood
2 to 6 years
Middle childhood
6 to 11 years
Adolescence
11 to 18 years
Early adulthood
18 to 40 years
Middle adulthood
40 to 65 years
Late adulthood
65 years to death
Scientific Beginnings
¤ Scientific study of human development dates back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
¤ Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
¤ Forefather of scientific child study.
¤ Natural selection and survival of the fittest.
¤ The normative period
¤ G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) à founder of the child study movement and Arnold Gesell (1880-1961).
¤ Both were known because of their normative approach to development. Scientific Beginnings (cont.)
¤ The mental testing movement
¤ Alfred Binet (1857-1911) à created an intelligence test which sparked interest in individual differences.
Mid-Twentieth Century Theories
¤ In the mid-twentieth century, human development expanded into a legitimate discipline. As it attracted increasing interest, a variety of theories emerged, each of which still has followers today:
¤ The psychoanalytic perspective
¤ People move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. The way these conflicts are resolved
determines
Theory and Research in Human
Development
Human development
¤ Studying change and constancy throughout the lifespan.
Basic Issues in Lifespan
¤ Continuous or discontinuous?
¤ One course of development or many?
¤ Nature or nurture?
The Lifespan Perspective: A Balanced
Point of View
¤ Development as lifelong.
¤ Development as multidimensional and multidirectional.
¤ Development as plastic.
¤ Development as embedded in multiple context:
¤ age-graded influences
¤ history-graded influences
¤ nonnormative influences
Periods of Development
Prenatal
Conception to birth
Infancy and toddlerhood Birth to 2 years
Early childhood
2 to 6 years
Middle childhood
6 to 11 years
Adolescence
11 to 18 years
Early adulthood
18 to 40 years
Middle adulthood
40 to 65 years
Late adulthood
65 years to death
Scientific Beginnings
¤ Scientific study of human development dates back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
¤ Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
¤ Forefather of scientific child study.
¤ Natural selection and survival of the fittest.
¤ The normative period
¤ G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) à founder of the child study movement and Arnold Gesell (1880-1961).
¤ Both were known because of their normative approach to development. Scientific Beginnings (cont.)
¤ The mental testing movement
¤ Alfred Binet (1857-1911) à created an intelligence test which sparked interest in individual differences.
Mid-Twentieth Century Theories
¤ In the mid-twentieth century, human development expanded into a legitimate discipline. As it attracted increasing interest, a variety of theories emerged, each of which still has followers today:
¤ The psychoanalytic perspective
¤ People move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. The way these conflicts are resolved
determines