listening to music midterm notes

Time
Tempo(速度): the speed of music (how fast is it? Fast, moderate, slow)
Rhythm(節奏): a succession of durations (音符拍子measured, unmeasured)
Beats(節拍): the regular pulse underlying the music (重拍strong-weak, strong-weak-weak……)
Meter(韻律): the regular grouping of beats (對應beats: duple, triple, quadruple, compound)
Pitch – general concepts
Pitch(音調): quality of highness or lowness of sound(high or low)
Interval(音程): distance between two pitches (幾度)
Scale(音階): ordered arrangement of pitches
Tuning(曲調): pitches to which an instrument is set
Pitch – horizontal view
Melody (旋律)
Tune(調): a simple, singable melody
Phrase(樂句): a section of melody
Motive: a short fragment(片段)
Character of melodies
Motion: step (conjunct) or leap (disjunct)
Range(音域): distance from high to low
Shape: yes or no
Form
Pitch – vertical view
Harmony: simultaneous sounding of different pitches
Consonance(和音): relatively stable combination of pitches
Dissonance(失調): relatively unstable/ tense combination
Texture(組成): interweaving of melodic and harmonic aspect in musical fabric
Monophony(單音): single melodic line
Polyphony(複音): two or more melodic lines
Counterpoint(旋律配合): the combination of two or more melodic lines according to established rules
Homophony(諧音): one main melody plus accompaniment

Structure
Hearing musical structures
Music and memory
From transparent to hidden structures
From order to chaos
Musical forms
Repetition
Strophic form: song with the same music for each stanza
(A A A etc.)
Theme and variations: a tune plus a number of variations
(A A’ A’’ A’’’ etc.)
Contrast
Binary form: two different sections (A B)
Ternary form: a three-part form where the 3rd part returns to the 1st (A B A)
Through composed
Instruments and Voices
Duration (長短)
The brevity or length of the sound
Pitch (音高)
The lowness or highness of the sound
Dynamics (強弱)
The softness or loudness of the sound; volume