Literature Review
1. Roots in Philosophy (e.g. john locke)
II. Emergence
A. Treatment of Mental disorders
1. Pinel (1745 – 1826) – disorders as illness
2. Itard (1774 – 1838) – wild boy of Aveyron interested in how children develop towards the end of the 16th century, a child is found in Aveyron and is captured by hunters people were interested in seeing how a child in nature would develop will the child have an innate idea of god?
Itard proposes to teach the child by changing the focus of education.
B. Experimental Methods
1. Fechner (1801 – 1881) – Psychophysics he was curious about sensory capacities – how light things are, how heavy things are, how loud things are, etc
2. Wundt – in 1879 set up the first psychological laboratory
III. First General Psychology Textbook: William James in 1890
IV. Psychology as an academic discipline
Human Development: Emerging Views
1. Belief in Predetermined Development
- notion that development was biologically predetermined
A. Gesell: Maturational unfolding (1920s)
B. Gates: Memory skills and experience
Looked into memory development. Gave four year olds repeating digits for 78 days. Practice on memory for weeks. He compared them to children who had not gotten the training. The children who got the practice remembered more digits than the group who hadn’t. However, not long lasting effects.
C. Hilgard: Motor skills and experience
Similar pattern as gates. One group of children got a great deal of practice cutting with scissors, ladder climbing, buttoning buttons, etc. The group with 12 weeks of practice did better than the group who hadn’t. Similar to Gates, no long lasting effects.
D. Dennis and Dennis study – Dennis was convinced that intervention, training, and environment did not matter. Believed all unfolding was biological. Did studies with twins. Later on, Dennis changed his views that the environment can have an effect on development
2. Early Deprivation: Cognitive and Social Aspects
A. Skeels
II. Emergence
A. Treatment of Mental disorders
1. Pinel (1745 – 1826) – disorders as illness
2. Itard (1774 – 1838) – wild boy of Aveyron interested in how children develop towards the end of the 16th century, a child is found in Aveyron and is captured by hunters people were interested in seeing how a child in nature would develop will the child have an innate idea of god?
Itard proposes to teach the child by changing the focus of education.
B. Experimental Methods
1. Fechner (1801 – 1881) – Psychophysics he was curious about sensory capacities – how light things are, how heavy things are, how loud things are, etc
2. Wundt – in 1879 set up the first psychological laboratory
III. First General Psychology Textbook: William James in 1890
IV. Psychology as an academic discipline
Human Development: Emerging Views
1. Belief in Predetermined Development
- notion that development was biologically predetermined
A. Gesell: Maturational unfolding (1920s)
B. Gates: Memory skills and experience
Looked into memory development. Gave four year olds repeating digits for 78 days. Practice on memory for weeks. He compared them to children who had not gotten the training. The children who got the practice remembered more digits than the group who hadn’t. However, not long lasting effects.
C. Hilgard: Motor skills and experience
Similar pattern as gates. One group of children got a great deal of practice cutting with scissors, ladder climbing, buttoning buttons, etc. The group with 12 weeks of practice did better than the group who hadn’t. Similar to Gates, no long lasting effects.
D. Dennis and Dennis study – Dennis was convinced that intervention, training, and environment did not matter. Believed all unfolding was biological. Did studies with twins. Later on, Dennis changed his views that the environment can have an effect on development
2. Early Deprivation: Cognitive and Social Aspects
A. Skeels