Preview

M-Pesa

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
7473 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
M-Pesa
The Economics of M‐PESA1 WILLIAM JACK 2 GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
AND

TAVNEET SURI 3 MIT SLOAN First version: October, 2009 This version: August, 2010

We gratefully acknowledge the support and collaboration of Pauline Vaughan and Susie Lonie, and other staff of Safaricom and Vodafone. The survey whose results are reported here was commissioned by the Central Bank of Kenya, managed by Financial Sector Deepening, a Nairobi‐based NGO, and administered by the Steadman Group, a local survey firm. Thanks are extended to Peter Mwaura of the CBK, David Ferrand and Caroline Pulver of FSD, and to Carol Matiko and Moses Odhiambo of Steadman, and to seminar participants at MIT Sloan and Safaricom. 2 wgj@georgetown.edu 3 tavneet@mit.edu
1

I. Introduction
Mobile phone technology has reduced communication costs in many parts of the developing world from prohibitive levels to amounts that are, in comparison, virtually trivial. Nowhere has this transformation been as acute as in sub‐Saharan Africa, where networks of both fixed line communication and physical transportation infrastructure are often inadequate, unreliable, and dilapidated. While mobile phone calling rates remain high by world standards, the technology has allowed millions of Africans to leap‐frog the land‐line en route to 21st century connectivity. Early on in this revolution, cell phone users figured out that they could effectively transfer money across wide distances. Phone companies have long allowed individuals to purchase “air‐time” (i.e., pre‐paid cell phone credit that can be used for voice or SMS communication) and to send this credit to other users. It was a small step for the recipient user to on‐sell the received air‐time to a local broker in return for cash, or indeed for goods and services, thus effecting a



References: Chattopadhyay,  Raghabendra  and  Esther  Duflo  (2004):  “Women  as  policy  makers:  evidence  from  a  randomized policy experiment in India,” Econometrica, 72(5), 1409‐43.  Ivatury, Gautam and Mark Pickens (2006): “Mobile Phone Banking and Low‐Income Customers: Evidence  from South Africa,” Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, Washington DC.  Lucas,  Robert  (1988):  “On  the  mechanics  of  economic  development,”  Journal  of  Monetary  Economics,  22, 3‐42.  Mas, Ignacio (2009): “The economics of branchless banking,” Innovations, 4(2), 57‐76, MIT Press.  Mas and Morawczynski (2009): “Designing Mobile Money Services: Lessons from M‐PESA,” Innovations,  4(2), 77‐92, MIT Press.  Mas,  Ignacio  and  Sarah  Rotman  (2008):  “Going  Cashless  at  the  Point  of  Sale:  Hits  and  Misses  in  Developed Countries,” Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, Focus Note No. 51, Washington DC.  Mas, Ignacio and Kabir Kumar (2008): “Banking on Mobiles: Why, How, for Whom?,” Consultative Group  to Assist the Poor, Focus Note No. 48, Washington DC.  Romer, Paul (1986): “Increasing Returns and Long‐Run Growth,” Journal of Political Economy, October,  94:5, 1002‐37.  Solow, Robert (1956): "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," Quarterly Journal of  Economics.    Jack and Suri    20

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Mobile phones are frequently held up as a good example of technology's ability to decrease the development disparity between MEDC’s and LEDC’s. In the economically lower developing world - places with poor infrastructure, few forms of transport and dangerous land lines; mobile phones substitute for travel, allow price data to be distributed more quickly and easily, enabling traders to reach wider markets and generally make it easier to do business. The mobile phone is a prime example of a “leapfrog” technology: it has enabled developing countries to skip the fixed-line technology of the 20th century and move straight to the mobile technology of the 21st.…

    • 878 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    In Nigeria, 50 percent of population lived on less than one US dollar per day. Of this, 65 percent lived in rural areas. A direct result of this could be seen on the handset ownership among the rural poor (one percent). The absence of a reliable national electricity grid in these areas raised the issue of higher operating costs for the mobile service provider due to running and maintenance of diesel generators needed to power the mobile base station sites. In addition to which, the threats of thefts and vandalism of expensive equipment at these sites were also challenges facing Celtel, the second largest mobile telecommunication company in Nigeria in 2007. The company was unable to raise awareness about their shift using conventional marketing strategies such as billboards as they were stolen, recycled or reused.…

    • 507 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    In 2002, fewer than 200,000 people in Afghanistan had access to telephones. Today some 15 million Afghans use mobile phones and a full 85% of the population lives within the combined network coverage of the four major telecommunications. The technological leap connects Afghans to each other and to the economy in ways that were unimaginable in just in few years ago. And the mobile phones open up a world of possibilities for finding solutions to some of challenges that Afghanistan face every day. One important use that is quickly becoming reality is the creation of nationwide mobile financial services sector. Using mobile phones to transfer money safely and instantly reducing the need for cash and giving millions of Afghan who may never see the inside of the banks the ability to use handsets to conduct basic financial transactions. The possible applications for mobile money in Afghanistan are limited only by our imaginations.…

    • 803 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The Symphony Orchestra

    • 1604 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Cited: Fox, Killian. "Africa 's Mobile Economic Revolution." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 23 July 2011. Web. 18 July 2013.…

    • 1604 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The digital divide is beginning to close. The flow of digital information – through mobile phones, text messaging, and the Internet – is now reaching the world’s masses, even in the poorest countries, bringing with it a revolution in economics, politics, and society. In my opinion, the technological innovation that has had the greatest impact on our lives in this country today would be the mobile telecommunication technology. For the last ten to fifteen years, mobile phones have changed our lives in such a way that no other technological change has before. Earlier, people used to book telephone calls in advance, had to go and use near the telephone booths, or sit beside a physical telephone instrument kept in the drawing room of a house, and attend to, or make calls stuck to a place. Now, people simply carry a 200 gram device in their pockets and can travel the world, always connected to their loved ones and business partners, no matter in whatever remote part of the world they are. (However, in certain countries, mobile coverage does...…

    • 317 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Nokia Case

    • 10267 Words
    • 42 Pages

    Meldrum, A. (2004, 5-May). Mobile phones the talk of Africa as landlines lose out. Retrieved 2011, 8-November from The Guardian: http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2004/may/05/citynews.newmedia…

    • 10267 Words
    • 42 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    MKTG209

    • 1963 Words
    • 7 Pages

    The fundamental opportunity that Adesemi and Celtel saw prior to entry in to Sub Saharan African (SSA) markets was namely to serve a market with astronomical and pent up demand. In 1995 there were 12 mobile phone subscriptions for every 100 people in the U.S but only one per 1000 people and one fixed telephone line for every 100 people in SSA. (Exhibit 1) These markets prevented a massive opportunity for companies looking to access more than 600 million people by bringing affordable telecommunications, while at the same enriching the lives of the poor.…

    • 1963 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In recent years, there have been numerous milestones in technological advancements such as electronic word processing, social networking, instant messaging, Blue-ray, smartphones, search engines, Satellite TV, Wi-Fi, lithium rechargeable batteries, online stock trading, Bluetooth, DNA profiling, genetic sequencing and many others. These innovations help in our day to day lives especially in the fields of communication, medicine, banking, agriculture, transport and entertainment. One of the most beneficial and successful innovations of the 21st century is mobile phone-based money transfer (MMT). The use of mobile phone-based money transfer has had life changing impacts not only to individuals but also to businesses in the developing countries (Au & Kauffman, 2008).…

    • 558 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    (477 million people) could get a signal, and an area of 11.2 million square kilometers had mobile phone coverage—equivalent to the United States and Argentina…

    • 11912 Words
    • 48 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    My special thanks goes out to Vodacom Tanzania head office MILIMANI CITY that were part and parcel of the preparation of this project report by providing me all essential materials (data) required. Very special thanks goes out to my Report supervisor Mrs. Wema Mbwana, It’s also my sincerely thanks to Mr. Rufunga the Institute course coordinator, my special thank goes out to my fellow team mate Frank Lyamuya, Paschal Mwenda, Neema Mchaki and Alwita Godfrey, with respective thank goes to my Mother Shaweransia Mushi also and my Best friend ever was ever will be Laura Lema as part of Family for their respectable concern of preparation of this massive document.…

    • 4147 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Organisational Behavior

    • 24205 Words
    • 97 Pages

    By TABITHA MURERWA Published by Kenya Methodist University P.O. Box 267 – 60200, Meru Tel: 254 – 064 – 30301, 31146…

    • 24205 Words
    • 97 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Dickson Khainga, Review Of The Government Of Kenya 2004/2005 Budget. 2005, Nairobi; Kenya Institute Of Public Policy Research & Analysis…

    • 1530 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Research Proposal Sample

    • 2209 Words
    • 9 Pages

    All over the world there is a realization that the Internal Audit activity has the potential to provide hitherto unparalleled services to management in the conduct of their duties. This potential has been turned into a challenge and embodied in the new definition of Internal Auditing from the Institute of Internal Auditors (the IIA).…

    • 2209 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Of Mount Kenya University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the degree of Master of Development Studies…

    • 1780 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    M-PESA Analysis

    • 975 Words
    • 4 Pages

    M-PESA’s initial individual level business model focused on the person-to-person transfers, but it has grown to include person-to-business and business to business transactions. The former transaction, person to person, is for facilitating individual’s access to financial services like mobile money transfer and the latter is for mobile payment involving business.…

    • 975 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics