Microbiology
CH4
Prokaryotic Cells
No nucleus
Plasma membrane
Selective permeability lets molecules pass. Enzymes for ATP production. Photosynthetic pigment on folding (on chromatophores or thylakoids). Leakage occurs if damaged by alcohols, ammonium, and polymyxin antibiotics.
Phospholipid bilayer, peripheral proteins, integral protein, transmembrane protein, sterols, glycocalyx
Movement across Membranes
Simple diffusion: Movement of solute from high concentration to low
Facilitative diffusion: Solute combines with transporter protein in membrane
Osmosis: water moves across permeable membrane from concentration of high water to low
Osmotic pressure: Pressure needed to stop pure water from moving through a membrane
Active transport needs transporter protein and ATP
Group translocation of substances need transporter protein and E
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis: Pseudopods extend & engulf particles
Pinocytosis: Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid & dissolved substances
Inclusions
Metachromatic granules (volutin), phosphate
Polysaccharide granules
Lipid inclusions
Sulfur granules
Carboxysomes: ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation
Gas vacuoles: protein covered cylinder
Magnetosomes: Iron oxide kills H2O2
Nuclear Area: no nucleus has nucleoid
Ribosomes make protein
Endospores: resting, not growing, resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals. Bacillus, Clostridium
a. Sporulation: Endospore formation
b. Germination: return to vegetative state
c. After endospore forms bacterial cells die
d. Dormancy: Sporulation occurs surrounding cell dies away. Temp. gets better it germinates and continues its growth
Eukaryotic Cells: True nucleus
Cytoplasm: stuff inside the plasma membrane & outside nucleus
Cytosol: Fluid portion of cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Cytoplasmic streaming: Movement of cytoplasm throughout cells
Organelles
Nucleus: Has chromosomes
ER: Transport network
Golgi
Prokaryotic Cells
No nucleus
Plasma membrane
Selective permeability lets molecules pass. Enzymes for ATP production. Photosynthetic pigment on folding (on chromatophores or thylakoids). Leakage occurs if damaged by alcohols, ammonium, and polymyxin antibiotics.
Phospholipid bilayer, peripheral proteins, integral protein, transmembrane protein, sterols, glycocalyx
Movement across Membranes
Simple diffusion: Movement of solute from high concentration to low
Facilitative diffusion: Solute combines with transporter protein in membrane
Osmosis: water moves across permeable membrane from concentration of high water to low
Osmotic pressure: Pressure needed to stop pure water from moving through a membrane
Active transport needs transporter protein and ATP
Group translocation of substances need transporter protein and E
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis: Pseudopods extend & engulf particles
Pinocytosis: Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid & dissolved substances
Inclusions
Metachromatic granules (volutin), phosphate
Polysaccharide granules
Lipid inclusions
Sulfur granules
Carboxysomes: ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation
Gas vacuoles: protein covered cylinder
Magnetosomes: Iron oxide kills H2O2
Nuclear Area: no nucleus has nucleoid
Ribosomes make protein
Endospores: resting, not growing, resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals. Bacillus, Clostridium
a. Sporulation: Endospore formation
b. Germination: return to vegetative state
c. After endospore forms bacterial cells die
d. Dormancy: Sporulation occurs surrounding cell dies away. Temp. gets better it germinates and continues its growth
Eukaryotic Cells: True nucleus
Cytoplasm: stuff inside the plasma membrane & outside nucleus
Cytosol: Fluid portion of cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Cytoplasmic streaming: Movement of cytoplasm throughout cells
Organelles
Nucleus: Has chromosomes
ER: Transport network
Golgi