N-Butanol Production from S. Cerevisiae
Introduction
The energy consumption grows year by year with the economical development of the countries such as China and Japan despite the boisterous events. With the ‘Arab Spring’ in 2011, energy market was shook in terms of both production and consumption of the oil with the loss of one of the suppliers, also the massive earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan coast caused immediate action for nuclear power and other fuels around the world. Due to those events, oil prices reached an all-time record high [BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012]. When the situation, which revolves around mostly economical, environmental and geopolitical issues, in fuel industry is like this, the consumers head towards to renewable energy such as biotechnology. An entire branch of biotechnology embraces the bioproduction of fuels and chemicals from renewable sources. These technologies use living cells and enzymes to synthesize products that are easily (bio)degradable, require less energy and create less waste during their production or use than those produced from fossil resources [Dellomonaco et al, 2010]. However fossil fuels still dominate energy consumption, with a market share of 87%. Renewable energy continues to gain but today accounts for only 2% of energy consumption globally. Meanwhile, the fossil fuel mix is changing as well. Oil, still the leading fuel, has lost market share for 12 consecutive years. Coal was once again the fastest growing fossil fuel, with predictable consequences for carbon emissions [BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012].
Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide, particularly in Brazil and USA which is produced from several biomass feedstocks and different technologies [].The ethanol production methods are respectively, enzyme digestion (to release sugars from stored starches), fermentation of the sugars, distillation and drying. The distillation process requires significant energy input for heat, often unsustainable natural gas
The energy consumption grows year by year with the economical development of the countries such as China and Japan despite the boisterous events. With the ‘Arab Spring’ in 2011, energy market was shook in terms of both production and consumption of the oil with the loss of one of the suppliers, also the massive earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan coast caused immediate action for nuclear power and other fuels around the world. Due to those events, oil prices reached an all-time record high [BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012]. When the situation, which revolves around mostly economical, environmental and geopolitical issues, in fuel industry is like this, the consumers head towards to renewable energy such as biotechnology. An entire branch of biotechnology embraces the bioproduction of fuels and chemicals from renewable sources. These technologies use living cells and enzymes to synthesize products that are easily (bio)degradable, require less energy and create less waste during their production or use than those produced from fossil resources [Dellomonaco et al, 2010]. However fossil fuels still dominate energy consumption, with a market share of 87%. Renewable energy continues to gain but today accounts for only 2% of energy consumption globally. Meanwhile, the fossil fuel mix is changing as well. Oil, still the leading fuel, has lost market share for 12 consecutive years. Coal was once again the fastest growing fossil fuel, with predictable consequences for carbon emissions [BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012].
Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide, particularly in Brazil and USA which is produced from several biomass feedstocks and different technologies [].The ethanol production methods are respectively, enzyme digestion (to release sugars from stored starches), fermentation of the sugars, distillation and drying. The distillation process requires significant energy input for heat, often unsustainable natural gas
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