pharmaceutic
16) What are the FOUR parenteral routes of administration discussed as a part of this lecture? Next to each provide needle gauge sizes and information regarding injection site. Review previous class worksheet
1) IV – 21 G; 42 – 150 ml/hour = flow rate; superficial veins, basilic/ cephalic
a. Adv. Rapid action to due direct injection into blood
2) IM – 20 to 22 G; 5 ml in the gluteus, 2 ml in deltoid; in children the gluteus is composed of fat, so give to them in deltoid
3) SQ – 24 to 26 G; max 1.3 ml (2 ml causes pain), insulin is admin using 25 to 30 G needle – interstitial tissue of the outer surface of the upper arm, anterior surface of the thigh, lower portion of the abdomen (need to be rotated)
4) ID – 23 to 26 G, 0.1 ml is limit, into cornium (dermis)17) Discuss the difference between water for injection and sterile water for injection? Be specific.
Water for injection – water is most frequently used solvent, is usually purified by distillation, not req. to be sterile, but must be pyrogen free
Sterile water for injection – water that is sterilized and packaged in single dose containers of not more than 1 L size; must be pyrogen free and may not contain antimicrobials agents or any other added substance. 1 L bottles can’t be administered IV because they lack tonicity.
18) What is the difference between an aqueous solution and a non aqueous solution (or vehicle) (refer to pg 439 if necessary).
Aqueous - preferred for injection
Non-aqueous – used when there is poor drug sol. In water or a drug is susc. To hydrolysis pharmaceutical formulators will develop a nonaq. Vehicle (ex. Veg oil, glycerin, PEG)
Like water, must not exert pharmacological activity nor adversely affect activity of drug
1) IV – 21 G; 42 – 150 ml/hour = flow rate; superficial veins, basilic/ cephalic
a. Adv. Rapid action to due direct injection into blood
2) IM – 20 to 22 G; 5 ml in the gluteus, 2 ml in deltoid; in children the gluteus is composed of fat, so give to them in deltoid
3) SQ – 24 to 26 G; max 1.3 ml (2 ml causes pain), insulin is admin using 25 to 30 G needle – interstitial tissue of the outer surface of the upper arm, anterior surface of the thigh, lower portion of the abdomen (need to be rotated)
4) ID – 23 to 26 G, 0.1 ml is limit, into cornium (dermis)17) Discuss the difference between water for injection and sterile water for injection? Be specific.
Water for injection – water is most frequently used solvent, is usually purified by distillation, not req. to be sterile, but must be pyrogen free
Sterile water for injection – water that is sterilized and packaged in single dose containers of not more than 1 L size; must be pyrogen free and may not contain antimicrobials agents or any other added substance. 1 L bottles can’t be administered IV because they lack tonicity.
18) What is the difference between an aqueous solution and a non aqueous solution (or vehicle) (refer to pg 439 if necessary).
Aqueous - preferred for injection
Non-aqueous – used when there is poor drug sol. In water or a drug is susc. To hydrolysis pharmaceutical formulators will develop a nonaq. Vehicle (ex. Veg oil, glycerin, PEG)
Like water, must not exert pharmacological activity nor adversely affect activity of drug