Phonology and Phonemics

Assignment 2
7)
a) t d s z
b) m v w
c) k g
d) Өᵭ
e) i u
f) æ a
g) j
h) z d

9)
a) Flapping
b) Place Assimilation
c) Aspiration
d) Voiceless stop insertion
e) /h/ Deletion before unstressed vowel
f) Assimilation aspiration schwa insertion
g) Aspiration aspiration assimilation

29)
[s] Basic [ʃ] Derived
[s] [ʃ]
_al _i a_u i_i
_a#u _i a_l #_i i_o _i
_u_ a_i
#_a a_i
_o a_i

There are no minimal pairs. Both [s] and [ʃ] are used word initially and word internally, so the positioning in the word cannot be used. Both sounds are used after [a] so looking at the preceding sound is futile. Following [ʃ] is the high, front, tense vowel [i].
[s] is used before all other vowels therefore this is complementary distribution.
The alveolar fricative [s] and [ʃ] are allophones of the same phoneme. Because [s] appears in more environments, we can conclude that it is the basic form of the phoneme. /s/ becomes [ʃ] before [i]
36)
[r] [ṛ] [ ] æ_e #a_ #_i a_i æ_ æ_ æ æ_i t#_ e_i
_a# ta_ i_g
_i #u_ e_a
_u i_ a_i

There are no minimal pairs in the data. The three sounds are in complementary distribution.
There are three different allophones of this one single phoneme. The voiced trill [r] occurs in words initially and medially. The voiceless trill [ṛ] occurs in the final position of words. The voiced flap [ ] occurs inter-vocally between vowels.
The basic allophone is the voiced trill [r] because the phonetic environment that it occurs in is not a natural class. Farsi has two phonological rules which convert the phonemic representation into a phonetic one:
/r/ becomes a flap [ ] between vowels.
/r/ becomes voiceless [ṛ] at the end of words
If neither of these rules apply, then /r/ is pronounced [r] the voiced trill.