Physics Kinematics
Lecture Outline
Chapter 2
Physics, 4th Edition
James S. Walker
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2
One-Dimensional
Kinematics
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Units of Chapter 2
• Position, Distance, and Displacement
• Average Speed and Velocity
• Instantaneous Velocity
• Acceleration
• Motion with Constant Acceleration
• Applications of the Equations of Motion
• Freely Falling Objects
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement
Before describing motion, you must set up a coordinate system – define an origin and a positive direction. An object’s position is its location with respect to the origin of the coordinate system.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement
The distance is the total length of travel; if you drive from your house to the grocery store and back, you have covered a distance of 8.6 mi.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement
Displacement is the change in position. If you drive from your house to the grocery store and then to your friend’s house, your displacement is 2.1 mi and the distance you have traveled is 10.7 mi.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-2 Average Speed
The average speed is defined as the distance traveled divided by the time the trip took:
d distance => v ave =
Average speed = t elapsed time
Is the average speed of the red car 40.0 mi/h, more than 40.0 mi/h, or less than 40.0 mi/h?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-2 Average Speed
Example: How long does it take light to travel from the sun to us.
Distance from Sun = 1.5 × 108 km, c = 3 × 105 km/s
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-2 Average Velocity
Δx displacement => v ave =
Average velocity =
Δt
elapsed time
If you return to your starting point, your average velocity is zero.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Chapter 2
Physics, 4th Edition
James S. Walker
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2
One-Dimensional
Kinematics
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Units of Chapter 2
• Position, Distance, and Displacement
• Average Speed and Velocity
• Instantaneous Velocity
• Acceleration
• Motion with Constant Acceleration
• Applications of the Equations of Motion
• Freely Falling Objects
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement
Before describing motion, you must set up a coordinate system – define an origin and a positive direction. An object’s position is its location with respect to the origin of the coordinate system.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement
The distance is the total length of travel; if you drive from your house to the grocery store and back, you have covered a distance of 8.6 mi.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement
Displacement is the change in position. If you drive from your house to the grocery store and then to your friend’s house, your displacement is 2.1 mi and the distance you have traveled is 10.7 mi.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-2 Average Speed
The average speed is defined as the distance traveled divided by the time the trip took:
d distance => v ave =
Average speed = t elapsed time
Is the average speed of the red car 40.0 mi/h, more than 40.0 mi/h, or less than 40.0 mi/h?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-2 Average Speed
Example: How long does it take light to travel from the sun to us.
Distance from Sun = 1.5 × 108 km, c = 3 × 105 km/s
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2-2 Average Velocity
Δx displacement => v ave =
Average velocity =
Δt
elapsed time
If you return to your starting point, your average velocity is zero.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson