A landline telephone (also known as land line, land-line, main line, homophone, landline, fixed-line, and wire line) refers to a phone that uses a solid medium line such as a copper wire or fiber optical wire for transmission
The local loop (also referred to as a subscriber line) is a twisted pair cable or circuit (cable) that connects from the demarcation point (house/building) of the customer premises to the edge of the service provider maximum of 3 miles.
A central office (CO) is an office in a locality to which subscriber home and business lines are connected on through a local loop
The central office has switching equipment that can switch calls locally or to long-distance carrier phone offices.
Local exchanges are just calls made locally
A point of presence (POP) is a location where a long distance carrier could terminate services and provide connections into a local telephone network.
A fixed line is a line in place nationwide for phone conversations that now include broadband data
Cellular phones use towers throughout the geographical area as you are constantly moving for voice conversations. These same towers are also used for data transmissions depending what network you are on, 4g or 3g, consist of your speed of data.
The telecommunication network is divided into specific topologies that are more manageable by techs. These topologies include: Access networks, regional/metro networks, core/long-haul networks, and Ocean networks.
Access Networks – connect central offices
Equipment – the hardware within a central office to carry voice conversations to their destinations.