Since Lanval is estimated to have been written almost two hundred years after Beowulf, it is obvious that societal ideas have changed, along with the roles and expected behavior of ladies of state. Lanval opens with the introduction of Lanval, a foreign knight serving under King Arthur. Lanval is often overlooked by the King and his fellow knights in terms of finances and friendship, so he is rather put out by being in a strange country alone with little money and no estate to speak of. Enter the first major female character, and Lanval’s soon to be lover, the (largely assumed fairy) Queen. Although she remains nameless and rather sexualized throughout the story, the Queen welcomes Lanval to be her lover, and generally fills all of the roles a husband would at this time. She provides material things as well as money for Lanval, on the basis that he keep their relationship a secret. The Queen is described as other worldly and extremely beautiful, but also independent and in need of no man to provide for her. Throughout the story, the (fairy) Queen retains control of their relationship, going so far as to save Lanval from certain death at the hands of King Arthur’s court and whisk him away to lands unknown via…
Eve is the woman who effectively seduces Adam into going against God’s one rule of not eating of the tree of knowledge. Similarly, Lady Bertilak causes Sir Gawain a lot of grief with her seductions and eventually leads to his own personal ruin. “For that noble princess pushed him and pressed him,/ nudged him ever nearer to a limit where he needed/ to allow her love or impolitely reject it./ He was careful to be courteous and void uncouthness,/ and be counted a betrayer by the keeper of the castle./ “I shall not succumb,” he swore to himself.”(222) Sparing no expense Lady Bertilak tries to get Gawain to submit to her wiles. “She wore nothing on her face; her neck was naked/and her shoulders were bare to both back and breast.”(222) Gawain spies Lady Bertilak and “in a worthy style he welcomes the woman/ and seeing her so lovely and alluringly dressed/every feature so faultless, her complexion so fine/ a passionate heat takes hold in his heart.”(222) Without a doubt that this Arthurian knight is questioning his duties to chivalry and his promises of virtue when he is confronted with the sultry Lady Bertilak, much like Adam experienced with…
Although there are not very many female characters in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, or any of the other literature discussed this semester, the small roles the females play…
In this essay I will discuss the ways in which the story of King Horn and the stories of the saint’s lives from the Katherine Group can be read as representations of the way women were treated and gender roles were viewed in the medieval period. I will do this by analysing the stories and language used within the text, how women are written about and portrayed, and how, in King Horn, the gender roles expected are reversed between the female and male character, and what that could mean.…
In the period from about 1300 to 1600, middle and working class woman typically married and over sought the domestic responsibilities of the home. However, they also frequently worked outside the home. The women of the middle/working class performed a wide variety of jobs including: the construction of ships’ sails, midwives, maids, cooks, laundresses, and household servants. Furthermore, women were heavily involved in the Florentine textile industry, weaving cloth and reeling and winding silk. Women ran the ferry service across the Rhone River at Lyons as well as assisted their father and husbands in agricultural tasks. Widowed women would even run their husbands’ establishments. While women of the middle and working classes experienced the benefits of Renaissance humanism, women of the upper class status saw a decline in status. When considering the types of jobs they performed, their access to property and political power, and their role in shaping the outlook of their society, the women of the Renaissance ruling classes typically had less power than women of the feudal age. As mentioned previously, well-to-do girls generally receive an education similar to that of the boys. However, because men held the view that woman’s attention should be focused on the domestic affairs of family life, the women of the time could not use their education to its fullest. This attitude of women’s role being…
Common women seem to merely exist, with no major contributions to society. They cannot have strength, as the men are the dominant sex. The only time women can have power is by means of being magical. In which case, they have evil intentions or prove to lead down bad paths. Queen Guinevere, when asked by Sir Lancelot if she had any armor in her room, replied “Now, truly, I have none armor neither helm, shield, sword, neither spear…” (485). As the Queen, Guinevere has no weapons to fight with or armor to defend herself with. These duties rest solely in the lives of the men, or the knights of the land. Guinevere has no physical power, much like all feudal women.…
On the first day, Bertilak goes hunting for deer which bears a resemblance to the sexual advances his wife makes on Gawain. “The deer represents the innocence and purity of Gawain as a knight.”(Holz). Gawain is able to refuse the lady’s sexual advances without insulting her. A knight, even when put into a difficult situation such as that, has to deny the lady in a cautious fashion or else he is uncourtly. This first interaction between Gawain and the lady demonstrates that Gawain can masterfully resist the lady’s advances and avoid…
Sir Gawain and The Green Knight by W.R.J. Barron, is a medieval tale depicting a specific quest of Sir Gawain. In the story, Sir Gawain is confronted with temptations that test his chivalry and moral compass. The article "Medieval Misogyny and Gawain's Outburst against Women in "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" by Gerald Morgan argues that there is proof that woman are blatantly accused of causing the knight to almost fail his quest and that men are placed higher above women. As a reader of both the article and the story, I find that this article does express a correct idea.…
Arthurian legends, which began in the Middle Ages, have been written in many different perspectives as times have changed. Guinevere was one of the most prominently known legends, and was written about in several different centuries. Chrétien De Troyes wrote about Guinevere in the Middle Ages throughout Arthurian Romances where she is punished for comitting adultrous treason. She was also written about by Norma Lorre Goodrich in modern times throughout King Arthur which explains Guinevere’s abduction and how this led to her infidelity. Therefore, because of differing time periods both Chrétien De Troyes and Norma Lorre Goodrich’s stories, although they are in regards to the same character, are both…
The female figures in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Queen Guinevere, Lady Bertilak, and Morgan le Fay, play an important role in the shaping of Sir Gawain’s destiny on his quest of his own beheading. This essay will discuss the most powerful female figure in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Lady Bertilak, and how her role in Sir Gawain’s quest to find the Green Knight shaped his destiny.…
Many may wonder how sources on women warriors can exist at a time when gender roles were a strict and unchangeable social issue of the Medieval Ages. Anything that seemed in favor of woman’s role in warfare or even towards feminism or equal rights in general seemed to be counter-culture, and was not reflected in a positive way because it was against the norm. Thus, writers of this tense topic had to use subtle methods of representation on behalf of their female heroines. Helena Solterer delves into such a direction in “Figures of Female Militancy in Medieval France”, using Peter Gencien’s iconic Li Tournoiement as dames to demonstrate such an attempt in Medieval French society.…
Arthurian literature focuses on the valiant and just people and gives great insight into chivalry and what that meant—how people lived by it—in this era. It is about truth and justice, undying love, sacrificing for the King, and bravery and courage whenever honor was at stake. Although these times were dark, and often barbarically bloody, they had clearly defined roles put upon men and women alike. Men were to be both chivalrous and ruthless all in the name of the King. Women held less value but were often used as pawns for men to bargain with and use as they needed without the need for agreement from the woman. Due to these high standards and customs, there were often times that both men and women felt emotionally imprisoned or they were physically imprisoned with no apparent chance of redemption. But in true Arthurian style, the main characters were always given hope that their impossible situation could change in the end. According to The Cambridge Companion to the Arthurian Legend, Arthurian romance literature of this era focused on the binary opposition of the love a man has for a woman and the bond he has to his fellow men—“Arthurian romances focus on the conflict between romantic love and macho fellowship” (13). This fellowship is clearly shown in Chaucer’s, The Knight’s Tale, when the main characters, Palamon and Arcite, are allowed their freedom from the king who imprisoned them for life after they prove their manhood through a series of macho challenges and betrayals in order to win the love of a woman who does not even know they exist. While the men of the Arthurian era were often given a second chance at freedom after proving their chivalry and honor, women were powerless at attaining their freedom, as was the custom of the times, and were treated merely as property of the men.…
Throughout the texts we have read in class, including in the ones examined closely in this paper (namely Lanval, The Wife’s Lament, and Chaucer’s The Wife of Bath’s Tale) women consistently appear as powerful beings. This introduces a certain amount of threat simply because the woman’s position in medieval society was largely guided by the principles in the Bible – and thus, women were treated as “lesser” according to writings that stated that they weren’t allowed to teach, were to submit to the men in their life, and were to avoid “playing the whore” (Leviticus 21:9). The texts, then, will often attempt to rid those women of their powerful status or explain why they do not deserve it. At the very least,…
(MIP-1) Women Serfs, were very much like any serf in the feudal society, however there were a few differences given that women were not equal to men. In the Middle Ages, the feudal society was mostly male dominated (Smith 3). Men held most political, social, and religious authorities (Nardo 56). Their roles included knights, vassals, kings, dukes, barons, councilmen, friars, and monks (Nardo 56). However, women only had influence in one area, that was property ownership and economic management (Smith 3). In some places, women could inherit land under the law and tradition. The flip side to this was that in order to protect the land a women owned, she relied on military protection, from the male knights, and through marriage (Smith 3). (CS)…
The romance between Sir Gawain and Bertilak’s wife is one of forbidden love, where one side is madly in love, while the other is only trying to be courteous. The woman persistently trying to get the man to sleep with her is a recurring theme in romance novels, and the bedroom setting is also one of the recurring themes (while I do not claim to be an expert in the area of romance novels). These elements persist because romance, and what entices those who read romance, does not change over the ages, as basic human desires for love and satisfaction stay the same. When Bertilak’s wife “cradles him in her arms, leans nearer and nearer, then kisses the knight”, it reminds the reader of how modern day romance, or affair, begins (Fitt 3: 1305-1306).…