Zoology - Study Notes
Exam: 46.4,45,47,48
Lecture outline for the zoology unit revised 2010
Introduction to animal form & function and regulation of TB (ch. 40 & Concept 42.4)
This first reading assignment reviews 5 major principles re living organisms:
1. Physical laws & the environment constrain the size & shape of organisms.
2. Form & function are correlated at all levels of organization.
3. Chemical energy in food is used to sustain form & function.
4. Many animals (& other organisms) regulate their internal environments within relatively narrow limits.
5. Regulation of TB (thermoregulation) contributes to homeostasis & involves anatomy, physiology, & behavior.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
zoology: the branch of biology dealing with the study of animals
word of the day: Homeotic gene: a gene that controls the development of particular segments or regions of the body; it defines a region or position.
I. Concept 40.1: Organization of animal bodies see homework assignment
A. Tissues form organs.
1. Please learn the organ systems found in animals & their major functions, as shown on Table 40.1 (I will not lecture about these).
2. How are organs formed, & what determines their location & function?
a. genome
b. Hox genes: clusters of homeotic genes that occur in animals, but not in plants.
B. The bodies of animals contain lots of water! Body fluids are separated into compartments, as shown on fig. 40.7. (I will not lecture about these) (you are not responsible for the Fick equation)
1. intracellular fluid = where most of the water is
2. extracellular fluid = plasma + interstitial fluid
3. fluids & solutes move among compartments via osmosis, pressure gradients, passive diffusion, & active transport
II. 40.2: Form & function are correlated at all levels.
A. The relationship between surface area & volume (the SA/V ratio): volume increases much faster than SA.
Lecture outline for the zoology unit revised 2010
Introduction to animal form & function and regulation of TB (ch. 40 & Concept 42.4)
This first reading assignment reviews 5 major principles re living organisms:
1. Physical laws & the environment constrain the size & shape of organisms.
2. Form & function are correlated at all levels of organization.
3. Chemical energy in food is used to sustain form & function.
4. Many animals (& other organisms) regulate their internal environments within relatively narrow limits.
5. Regulation of TB (thermoregulation) contributes to homeostasis & involves anatomy, physiology, & behavior.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
zoology: the branch of biology dealing with the study of animals
word of the day: Homeotic gene: a gene that controls the development of particular segments or regions of the body; it defines a region or position.
I. Concept 40.1: Organization of animal bodies see homework assignment
A. Tissues form organs.
1. Please learn the organ systems found in animals & their major functions, as shown on Table 40.1 (I will not lecture about these).
2. How are organs formed, & what determines their location & function?
a. genome
b. Hox genes: clusters of homeotic genes that occur in animals, but not in plants.
B. The bodies of animals contain lots of water! Body fluids are separated into compartments, as shown on fig. 40.7. (I will not lecture about these) (you are not responsible for the Fick equation)
1. intracellular fluid = where most of the water is
2. extracellular fluid = plasma + interstitial fluid
3. fluids & solutes move among compartments via osmosis, pressure gradients, passive diffusion, & active transport
II. 40.2: Form & function are correlated at all levels.
A. The relationship between surface area & volume (the SA/V ratio): volume increases much faster than SA.