Outsourcing Hotel Operations Recently When an entrepreneur wants to join the hotel industry‚ he can search for a property company for a building for lease to operate his hotel rather than to build it by his capital. Nowadays‚ there are so many hotel chain do not own the buildings which contribute the hotels‚ such as Choice Hotels International company‚ which own 11 hotel brands: Comfort Inn‚ Comfort Suites‚ Quality‚ Sleep Inn‚ Clarion‚ Cambria Suite‚ MainStay Suites‚ Suburban Extended Stay
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Department of Education Office of Federal Student Aid Data Migration Roadmap: A Best Practice Summary Version 1.0 Final Draft April 2007 Data Migration Roadmap Table of Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 1 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Background
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Data Warehousing and Data mining December‚ 9 2013 Data Mining and Data Warehousing Companies and organizations all over the world are blasting on the scene with data mining and data warehousing trying to keep an extreme competitive leg up on the competition. Always trying to improve the competiveness and the improvement of the business process is a key factor in expanding and strategically maintaining a higher standard for the most cost effective means in any
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IT433 Data Warehousing and Data Mining — Data Preprocessing — 1 Data Preprocessing • Why preprocess the data? • Descriptive data summarization • Data cleaning • Data integration and transformation • Data reduction • Discretization and concept hierarchy generation • Summary 2 Why Data Preprocessing? • Data in the real world is dirty – incomplete: lacking attribute values‚ lacking certain attributes of interest‚ or containing only aggregate data • e.g.‚ occupation=“ ”
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Data Anomalies Normalization is the process of splitting relations into well-structured relations that allow users to inset‚ delete‚ and update tuples without introducing database inconsistencies. Without normalization many problems can occur when trying to load an integrated conceptual model into the DBMS. These problems arise from relations that are generated directly from user views are called anomalies. There are three types of anomalies: update‚ deletion and insertion anomalies. An update anomaly
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Components of DSS (Decision Support System) Data Store – The DSS Database Data Extraction and Filtering End-User Query Tool End User Presentation Tools Operational Stored in Normalized Relational Database Support transactions that represent daily operations (Not Query Friendly) Differences with DSS 3 Main Differences Time Span Granularity Dimensionality Operational DSS Time span Real time Historic Current transaction Short time frame Long time frame Specific Data facts Patterns Granularity Specific
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DATA COMPRESSION The word data is in general used to mean the information in digital form on which computer programs operate‚ and compression means a process of removing redundancy in the data. By ’compressing data’‚ we actually mean deriving techniques or‚ more specifically‚ designing efficient algorithms to: * represent data in a less redundant fashion * remove the redundancy in data * Implement compression algorithms‚ including both compression and decompression. Data Compression
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Lecture Notes 1 Data Modeling ADBMS Lecture Notes 1: Prepared by Engr. Cherryl D. Cordova‚ MSIT 1 • Database: A collection of related data. • Data: Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning. – An integrated collection of more-or-less permanent data. • Mini-world: Some part of the real world about which data is stored in a database. For example‚ student grades and transcripts at a university. • Database Management System (DBMS): A software package/ system to facilitate
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alternative in the following: Q.1 In the relational modes‚ cardinality is termed as: (A) Number of tuples. (B) Number of attributes. (C) Number of tables. (D) Number of constraints. Ans: A Q.2 Relational calculus is a (A) Procedural language. (C) Data definition language. Ans: B Q.3 The view of total database content is (A) Conceptual view. (C) External view. Ans: A Q.4 Cartesian product in relational algebra is (A) a Unary operator. (B) a Binary operator. (C) a Ternary operator. (D) not defined. Ans: B Cartesian
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1. Using figure 4 only‚ comment on the characteristics on the urban landscape shown. Suggest how it could be improved. (7 marks) Using figure 4‚ it would appear that densely built shacks – which also appear poor quality - are evidence of shanty town development. Because this area appears so tightly built together (and therefore isolated from the rest of the city)‚ as shown in the bottom of the photograph‚ it will likely have contributed issues such as poor sanitation – whilst also suffered from
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