McGregor’s theory X and theory Y McGregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work: Theory and X and Theory Y. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Rather‚ he saw the two theories as two extremes - with a whole spectrum of possible behaviours in between. Theory X workers could be described as follows: - Individuals who dislike work and avoid it where possible - Individuals who lack ambition‚ dislike responsibility and prefer to be led - Individuals who desire
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The foundation of McGregor’s theory has direct links to Taylor’s study of scientific management: a study of scientific management as a link between human beings and their jobs which in turn need to be re-constructed to maximise efficiency (Waddell et al. 2007‚ p. 43). Many researchers and scholars have developed theories based on the work of F.W. Taylor. McGregor‚ Maslow and others who assisted to improve the view of human relation tried to prove that there is another side to the traditional perspective
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McGregor grouped employees hierarchy need into lower-order needs (Theory X) and higher-order needs (Theory Y)‚ and opined that “these two opposing perceptions conjectured how people view human behavior at work and organizational life” (Wambugu‚ 2014). For instance‚ Theory X assumed that management’s role in the organization is to pressurize and control employees to perform based on the
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Organizational Theory and Behavior © 1993‚ David S. Walonick‚ Ph.D. Classical Organization Theory Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the merger of scientific management‚ bureaucratic theory‚ and administrative theory. Frederick Taylor (1917) developed scientific management theory (often called "Taylorism") at the beginning of this century. His theory had four basic principles: 1) find the one "best way" to perform each task‚ 2) carefully
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslow‚ Abraham. 1908-1970. American psychologist and a founder of humanistic psychology who developed a hierarchical model of human motivation‚ in which a higher need‚ ultimately that for self-actualisation‚ is expressed only after lower needs are fulfilled. Self-actualisation needs Self-actualization is the fulfilment of the person’s dreams and aspirations. “Even if all these needs are satisfied‚ we may still often (if not always) expect that a new discontent
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Revisiting the Classical theories Introduction Organization indexes considerably more than the structures that lifts us out of ‘bare life’. Organization is also intimately‚ and utterly‚ connected to thought. While many‚ and by no means just those in the West‚ think of themselves as ‘free’ from enslavement by others‚ and even free from the organization of the state‚ who can argue that they are also free from the pervasive effects of language‚ culture and science? These are matters into which
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MGT 332 Organizational Behavior & Theory Worksheet – Chapter 5 Name_____________________________________________ Banner# ____________________________ Date: ______________ Directions: Circle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. _____ represent(s) complex‚ patterned‚ organismic reactions to how we think we are doing in our lifelong efforts to survive and flourish and to achieve what we wish for ourselves. A. Self-efficacy B. Skills C. Intelligence
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In the 1950s‚ Douglas McGregor (1906-1964)‚ a psychologist who taught at MIT and served as president of Antioch College from 1948-1954‚ criticized both the classical and human relations schools as inadequate for the realities of the workplace. He believed that the assumptions underlying both schools represented a negative view of human nature and that another approach to management based on an entirely different set of assumptions was needed. McGregor laid out his ideas in his classic 1957 article
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Abstract Over 4‚600 articles have examined the topic of organizational culture since 1980. (Chad A. Hratnell‚ Amy Yi Qu‚ and Angelo Kinicki‚ 2011(667). The impetus behind much of this research is the belief that organizational culture is an important social characteristic that influences organizational‚ group‚ and individual behavior. Organizational culture is used to guide employees toward desirable behaviors as well as to develop high performers (Sherwood 1988; O’Reilly 1989(498)). Moreover all
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meant by Organizational Behavior. Considering your discipline/industry (HCA‚ MBA‚ HR‚ Safety) discuss specific contextual aspects that illustrate the need for a contingency approach in managing individuals in your workplace or environment. Is the structure of the organizational a help or hindrance for what you need to accomplish. First‚ Organizational behavior is a field of study‚ it is the study of the system within the organization‚ the impact of individuals‚ groups and structural behavior of people
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