AUDIT EXPECTATIONS GAP Definition i) Liggio (1974a) defines it as the difference between the levels of expected performance as envisioned by the independent accountant and by the user of financial statements. The Cohen Commission (1978) on auditors’ responsibility extended this definition by considering whether a gap may exist between what the public expects or needs and what auditors can and should reasonably expect to accomplish. ii) According to Guy and Sullivan (1988)‚ there is a
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AUTOMATED ACCOUNTING Automated accounting is an approach to maintaining up-to-date accounting records with the use of accounting software. This software is often configured to allow for easy cross posting of receivable and payable‚ eliminating the need to enter multiple posting in order to keep accounting record in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles. Accounting as it exists today may be viewed as a system of assumptions‚ doctrines‚ tenets‚ and conventions‚ all encompassed
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Marianne Ojo. (2009)‚ Oxford Brookes University. The overall purpose of this article is to be highlighted is why the external auditor is such an important tool in corporate governance. Corporate governance is the system of rules‚ practices and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. It is basically needed to balance the interest of the stakeholders in a company. Meanwhile‚ the external auditor is needed to make sure that the company follow the GAAP‚ checking the accounting record
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Aries (1962) proposed that the concept only existed in the last 300 years‚ as previously children were considered adults as soon as they were physiclaly able to perform adult tasks. He noted that when industrialisation occured the value of children needing nutring care from their mothers arised‚ thus prompting the creation of the housewife role. This creation was to get women out of the work place to make space for men who had come back from fighting in the WW2. However Pollack critised him as Aries
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Auditing procedures: Five assertions: 1. Occurrence: Define: transactions and events that have been recorded have occurred and pertain to the entity. Explain: sales and purchases shown in the income statement belong to the company and are real‚ that is they actually took place. 2. Completeness: Define: all transactions and events that should have been recorded have been recorded. Explain: all the individual transactions making up the balances in the income statement are recorded; no sales
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Chapter 14 Audit of the Sales and Collection Cycle Key objectives: 1. Identify the accounts and classes of transactions in the sales and collection cycle. 2. Describe the business functions and related documents and records in the sales and collection cycle. 3. Understand internal control and design appropriate tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for sales. 4. Understanding the accounting and controls for sales returns and allowances. 5. Understand internal
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Assignment: Perform a diversity research audit on one of the top 10 companies identified by DiversityInc as a company that demonstrates the business case for diversity. There are 2 parts to this assignment a proposal and then the final project paper. Part 1 is the proposal (3 pages) - (due 10/2) submit a proposal which includes the company you plan on researching (Sodexo – No 1 in the DiversityInc) http://www.diversityinc.com/sodexo/ The criteria by which results will be measured (ie. CEO
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PolyTaste 2008: Service Audit Robert Hartman May‚ 2008 1 Agenda • • • • • • • What is a Service Audit? Dimensions of Service Guest Touch Points Event Environment Moments of Truth Observable Standards Audit Results 2 1 What is a Service Audit? • A Formal Study of Actual Service Performance – Based on Observable Standards – Performed by Disinterested Observers – Qualitative • Gathers Impressions • Characterizes Guest Experience – Quantitative • Gathers Data • Reports Operations
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Week 5 Assignment 1. In auditing the long-term investments account‚ an auditor is unable to obtain audited financial statements for an investee located in a foreign country. The auditor concludes that sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding this investment cannot be obtained. a. F. Either a disclaimer of opinion or an “except for” qualified opinion. –If the auditor is unable to obtain financial statements for an investee it is considered a scope limitation in which either a qualified
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Semester 3 MU0013–HR Audit-4 Credits (Book ID: B1735) Assignment (60 Marks) Note: Answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60. Q1. Define Human Resource (HR) Audit. Explain the need for HR Audit. What are the benefits of HR Audit? Answer. It is mechanism to review the current HR policies‚ practices and systems to ensure that they fulfill the rules and regulations. The audit also helps in identifying
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