& Service costing Service Costing Unit costing is the method of costing used when the cost units are identical. Identical cost units should have identical costs and this concept of equality of costs is the basic feature of unit costing. It may be noted that process costs‚ output costing and service costing are the sub-divisions of unit costing method. Service Costing – Nature and Problem: Service or operating cost is the cost of providing services. Service costing is the term
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STANDARD COSTING VARIANCES Materials Actual Production X X X Vs. Standard Usage Standard Price Actual Usage Actual Production X X X Vs. Standard Usage Standard Price Actual Usage Actual Price Actual Price Total Variance Actual Production X X X Vs. Standard Price Actual Usage Actual Usage Actual Production X X X Vs. Standard Price Actual Usage Actual Usage Price Variance Actual Price Actual Price Standard Price Standard Price Actual Usage
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direct labor is $4.00 per unit‚ variable manufacturing overhead is $6.00 per unit‚ and fixed costs are $12‚000 for the units produced‚ then what would be the cost assigned to 2‚000 of units in ending inventory? If direct materials are $8.00 per unit‚ direct labor is $4.00 per unit‚ variable manufacturing overhead is $6.00 per unit‚ and fixed costs are $12‚000 for 6‚000 units produced‚ what is the total cost per unit under throughput costing? Under throughput costing‚ are product costs higher or
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Backflush Costing Backflush costing is a traditional and standard costing systems track costs as products pass from raw materials‚ to work in progress‚ to finished goods‚ and finally to sales. Such systems are called ’sequential tracking systems’ because the accounting system entries occur in the same order as purchases and production. Sequential tracking is common where management desires to track direct material and labor time to individual operations and products. Backflush costing is a method
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summary of the different types of costs are some examples of how costs are used in different business applications. The two basic types of costs incurred by businesses are fixed and variable costs. Variable costs and fixed costs represent the total amount of costs for the company. This is important to know because the variable costs are going to determine how much we spend to make our company work as opposed to fixed costs which we have to pay anyway. * Fixed costs: are costs that will be the same
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current product costing system requires a lot of research and pre-planning. In order to determine the most effective product costing system management must decide which costs should be included in the product costs‚ at what level will direct costs be tracked‚ how indirect costs will be structured‚ and when to capture the indirect costs. Once all the costs have been identified and organized into fixed‚ variable‚ or overhead categories‚ management must then decide which product costing system would provide
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Analyse the evolution of ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC). What Factors led to its emergence. Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Activity Based Costing (ABC)……………………………………………………..…. 5 * What is ABC * Development Of ABC Terms Involved in ABC & Stages of ABC………………………………………… 6 Evolution Of ABC………………………………………………………………………… 7 Phases of development of ABC……………………………………………………… 8 What led to the emergence of ABC………………………………………………
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INTRODUCTION Vapour absorption refrigeration system is one of the oldest methods of producing refrigerating effect. John Leslie in 1810 kept H2SO4 and water in two separate jars connected together. H2SO4 has very high affinity for water. It absorbs water vapour and this becomes the principle of removing the evaporated water vapour requiring no compressor or pump. H2SO4 is an absorbent in this system that has to be recycled by heating to get rid of the absorbed water vapour‚ for continuous
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Product costing systems in modern manufacturing organisations Product costing refers to the process of assigning shared direct and indirect costs to individual products‚ customers‚ branches or other cost items. (USAID‚ 2007) Product costing is also referred to as assigning costs to inventory and production based on the expenses that go into producing or buying inventory. It is an important process for manufacturers that helps improves management information on products and helps managers and the
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be confused with profit. The contribution of a product refers to how much it contributes to the fixed costs and profit of the business once variable costs have been covered. It can be calculated either per unit of output or in terms of total contribution of all units produced. Contribution ignores fixed costs and only considers any surplus left once variable costs have been subtracted from revenue. Hence‚ contribution is what a product contributes towards the fixed costs of the business and‚ once
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