Viscosity of Liquids Part I: Low Viscosities Mona Kanj Harakeh 1 Objectives • To measure and analyze the viscosities of ideal (Toluene/p-Xylene) and nonideal (Methanol/Water) binary solutions and their components. • To determine the Activation Energy to viscous flow. • The effect of temperature change on the viscosity will be studied. Method: The viscosities of liquids are determined by measuring the flow time for various liquids in an Ostwald viscometer. 2 Ostwald viscometer 3
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Experiment 9 Thin Layer Chromatography Experiment: 9 Title: Thin Layer Chromatography Introduction: Chemical analysis is conducted on specific analytes (specific substance of interest in a mixture)‚ however it is often found that these analytes must be separated for the chemical analysis to conduct their analysis. Chromatography is a set up of laboratory a technique that is used to separate a chemical mixture. This technique is very useful as it allows us to follow the course of
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Gravimetric Analysis of a Chloride Salt CHEM 1001 Purpose: To illustrate typical techniques used in gravimetric analysis by determining quantitatively the chloride content in an unknown soluble salt. Theory: AgCl(s) is a very insoluble solid‚ yet still does have some solubility. Because of these traits‚ the following reaction is able to occur: Ag+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl(s) . This reaction is able to occur in both directions. When a soluble silver salt such as AgNO3 is added to a solution containing
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Eric Sorenson Leaf Spray: Direct Chemical Analysis of Plant Material by Mass Spectrometry Jiangjiang Liu‚† He Wang‚† R. Graham Cooks‚*‚‡‚§ and Zheng Ouyang*‚†‚§ †Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering‚ ‡Department of Chemistry‚ and §Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development‚ Purdue University‚ West Lafayette‚ Indiana 47907‚ United States Analytical Chemistry ACS Publications Published September 14‚ 2011 This research article written by the researchers Jiangjiang Liu‚ He Wang‚ R.
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Project Title: Examination of bacterial content of sea water samples from selected sites in South East England Introduction Over the past few years coastal beaches across the UK has seen lavished with recognition for their cleanliness‚ by sections of the media and various organisarions. Majority of these beaches have been awarded the Blue flag award in recognition for meeting set criteria on various standard including cleanliness‚ water quality‚ environmental management and environmental education
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Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the maximum absorbance of fast green‚ and the chlorophylls‚ also in the case of fast green create a concentration curve to determine an unknown substance. Each test will use the spectrophotometer. Spectroscopy is the study of light. A spectrophotometer is a machine used to determine the absorbance of light at any given wavelength. It does this by using a source of white light through a prism‚ which gives multiple wavelengths that
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Chemistry 2283g Experiment 1 – Alkyl Halides EXPERIMENT 1: Preparation and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Relevant Sections in the text (Wade‚ 7 ed.) • 6.7 (p. 228) Reactions of alkyl halides • 6.8 – 6.12 (p. 229 – 242) The SN2 reaction: generality‚ factors affecting SN2 reactions‚ substrate reactivity‚ mechanism • 6.13 – 6.14 (p. 243 – 249) The SN1 reaction: mechanism‚ stereochemistry General Concepts The most common of the variety of methods available for preparing alkyl halides is the replacement
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Date Published: 18th Jan 2014 Abstract: This is free radical reaction and reduction of benzophenone occurred by UV irradiation. Free radical on benzophenone due to photo excitation abstract hydrogen from isopropanol and gives benzopinacol and acetone. Chemically benzophenone is 1‚1‚2‚2‚ tetraphenyl 1‚ 2 ethylenediol. Benzopinacol can easily isolate from reaction mixture by suction pump and characterized by using common analytical techniques like UV‚ IR etc. Keywords: Photochemistry‚ benzophenone
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is then added as a mordant to form the crystal violet and iodine complex so that the dye cannot be removed easily. This step is usually called fixing the dye. However‚ the next treatment with a decolorizer‚ which is a mixed solvent of ethanol and acetone‚ dissolves the lipid layer from the gram negative cells. The removal of the lipid layer increases the discharge of the primary stain from the cells into the surrounding solvent. On the other hand‚ the solvent dries out the thicker Grampositive cell
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reaction got faster as the polarity increased. This is because SN1 reactions work best with polar protic solvents as they stabilize the carbocation. Therefore‚ as seen in the polarity chart in the data sheet Table 4‚ we can see that the 70:20 water and acetone ratio gives the fastest reaction as the more water there is the better‚ as water is polar protic and allows the reaction to occur faster. 6. When a different substrate was added there was no reaction seen in the given amount of lab time. This happened
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