QUESTION 1 Describe in detail‚ the simple changes in synapses that happen during classical conditioning. Discuss the extent to which all forms of learning can be explained by these simple synaptic synaptic changes. The brain’s ability to learn‚ to change in response to experience and to store/retrieve learning through memory it is a fascinating process fundamental to one’s existence. The first scientific study of animal learning demonstrated a form of associative learning - classical
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tape around a leaking water faucet pipe to help water flow down the pipe. Myelin insulation does not cover the entire axon due to breaks in the wrapping. These breaks are called nodes. The distance between these nodes is between 0.2 and 2 mm. Action potentials traveling down the axon "jump" from node to node. This is called saltatory conduction‚ which means‚ "to jump”. Saltatory conduction is a faster way to travel down an axon than traveling in an axon without myelin. In other words the main role
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M14_MARI6128_10_SE_CH14.QXD 1/19/11 5:58 PM Page 193 NAME_________________________________ LAB TIME/DATE ________________________ EXERCISE R E V I E W S H E E T 14 Key: a. b. endomysium epimysium fascicle fiber myofibril myofilament perimysium sarcolemma sarcomere sarcoplasm tendon Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle Cells and Their Packaging into Muscles 1. Use the items in the key to correctly identify the structures described below
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Exercise 3: Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: Activity 1: The Resting Membrane Potential Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. What is the approximate concentration of K+ inside a typical cell (intracellular concentration)? You correctly answered: a. 150 mM 2. What is the approximate concentration of K+ outside a cell (extracellular concentration)? You correctly answered: b. 5 mM 3. What is the approximate concentration of Na+ inside
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1. Sensation There are different modalities (forms) of sensation Sound‚ pain‚ pressure‚ touch‚ stretch‚ vibration‚ heat‚ cold‚ vision‚ taste‚ smell‚ proprioreception‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ gustation‚ etc. Each modality has a specific receptor Each modality is conducted by sensory (afferent) neurons to the CNS and is the result of different neural pathways and synaptic connections 2. Sensory Pathways 3. Law of Specific Nerve Energy Each sensory neuron carries information about
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contractions of the ileum? What causes these spontaneous contractions? The frequency of the contractions was approximately 14 per minute. Spontaneous contractions occur due to the presence of pacemaker cells‚ which spontaneously produce action potentials. Attach a copy of your experimental recordings showing the response to
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disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the white layer which is called the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is the cover that protects the nerve cells. When the myelin is damaged axons of neurons can no longer effectively conduct action potentials. These damages disrupt communication between the brain‚ organs‚ tissues and cells. Multiple sclerosis is characterized by lesions in multiple locations with relapses occurs at least 3 months apart. The common symptoms of the disease are spasticity
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Unit- One motor neuron and all the muscles it innervates. Each muscle will respond to one motor nerve which contains axons that can have up to 100’s of neurons that branch into terminals that form NMJ with ONE fiber. When a motor neuron sends an action potential‚ it will cause all of the connected muscle fibers to contract. The number of muscle fibers per motor unit varies from thousands to only a few‚ and the size varies based on the type of control that muscle has. Muscles that exert fine control
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Introduction To Central Nervous System Neuropharmacology SPH 3014 Introduction to CNS • CNS is composed of brain and spinal cord. • Primary function are to coordinate and control the activity of other body systems. • Involved the synaptic processes which release different kind of neurotransmitters – Ach‚ NE‚ Serotonin‚ Dopamine etc – Some mental illnesses & pathological conditions are associated with abnormal changes in the amount or activity of neurotransmitter – Many drugs that
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Acetylcholine causes an area of the muscle fiber to become a little more positive when it leaves the nerve and docks on receptors in the muscle membrane. Large amounts of Na+ ions enter the muscle fiber because channels open after depolarization‚ and an action potential then spreads throughout the muscle fiber. The thick and thin filaments of the muscle fiber can then contract
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