we produced only one of the enantiomer products depending on which enantiomer of Tartaric Acid was used. A reduction is a reaction which generally means adding more carbon-hydrogen bonds to a compound. In a reduction reaction the oxidation number of a carbon atom decreases. The opposite is an oxidation reaction in which the carbon atom oxidation number increases. In compounds with double or triple bonds a reduction reaction can occur by adding hydrogen atoms across the pi-bond. This can change an
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Vidallon‚ Mark Louis P. Date Performed: February 20‚ 2012 CHEM44.1 2L Date Submitted: March 12‚ 2012 MIXED-ALDOL CONDENSATION Synthesis of Cinnamaldehyde I. Introduction Cinnamaldehyde‚ cinnamic aldehyde or 3-phenyl-2-propenal is the major constituent of cinnamon oil‚ extracted from several species of Cinnamomum (C. verum‚ C. burmanii‚ C. cassia)‚ under the family Lauraceae‚ a group of evergreen trees. Cinnamon bark (particularly C. verum) yields 0.4-0.8% oil‚ which contains 60-80% cinnamaldehyde
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explaining the following: o The major structural and functional dynamics (processes) of that ecosystem including change over time o How humans may have affected biogeochemical cycles in that ecosystem‚ including impacts to the nitrogen‚ phosphorus‚ or carbon cycle o How knowledge about that ecosystem’s structure and function can help or has helped to develop plans for its management and restoration o The implication of species interactions in ecosystem management and restoration • Include two outside
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functional group will impact the molecular structure of the alcohol‚ making it either primary (1° )‚ secondary (2° )‚ or tertiary (3° ). If the OH is bonded to only one other carbon‚ it is a primary alcohol (eg. 1-butanol); if bonded to two other carbons‚ it is a secondary alcohol (eg. 2-butanol); if bonded to three other carbons‚ it is a tertiary alcohol (eg. 2-methyl-2-propanol). Due to the placement of the hydroxyl functional group in each of the degrees of alcohol‚ the reactivity of each should
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0.221) Bronze - sintered Steel 0.13 Cadmium Cadmium 0.5 0.05 Cadmium Chromium 0.41 0.34 Cadmium Mild Steel 0.461) Cast Iron Cast Iron 1.1‚ 0.151) 0.071) Cast Iron Oak 0.491) 0.0751 Cast iron Mild Steel 0.4‚ 0.231) 0.21‚ 0.1331) Carbon (hard) Carbon 0.16 0.12 - 0.14 Carbon Steel 0.14 0.11 - 0.14 Chromium Chromium 0.41 0.34 Copper- Lead alloy Steel 0.22 Copper Copper 1 0.08 Copper Cast Iron 1.05‚ 0.291) Copper Mild Steel 0.53‚ 0.361) 0.181) Diamond Diamond 0.1 0.05 - 0.1 Diamond Metal 0.1 - 0.15 0
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density. PEM fuel cells also promise to become an alternative to batteries in portable electronics‚ such as laptop computers‚ cellular phones‚ and other hand-held devices. The catalysts currently used in PEM fuel cells are Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon black. Pt as a precious metal is expensive‚ and there have been tremendous efforts made to reduce its usage. One way is to make Pt nanoparticles as small as possible to maximize the catalyst dispersion and thus its utilization. Smaller nano particles
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Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Title: Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Abstract: In this experiment the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides are investigated through reflux and simple distillation. These are common procedures used to separate substances. After the reflux and distillation is complete 13C NMR and IR spectrum is used to identify the product or products for each reaction: 1a‚ 1b‚ and 2. Every individual in the group was assigned either 1a (1-propanol) or 1b (2-pentanol)
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and hydrogen gas. * The oxides of all of these first metals resist reduction by H2. * The next six metals (iron - lead) replace hydrogen from HCl and dil. sulfuric and nitric acids. Their oxides undergo reduction by heating with H2‚ carbon‚ and carbon monoxide. * The metals lithium - copper‚ can combine directly with oxygen to form the oxide. * The last five metals (mercury - gold) are often found free in
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character of having Carbon and Hydrogen atoms only. They are divided into three main categories base on the type of orbital hybridization they have. The three main groups of Hydrocarbons are Alkanes‚ Alkenes‚ and Alkynes (1). Alkanes are sp3-hybridized hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms included in their chains. Alkanes are also called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the highest possible H atoms that they can since their single bonds give the Carbon atoms the opportunity
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APPLICATIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN LASER TECHNOLOGY WHAT IS AN ORGANIC COMPOUND? An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous‚ liquid‚ or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. Organic chemistry is the science concerned with all aspects of organic compounds. Organic synthesis is the methodology of their preparation. APPLICATIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS clothing of cotton‚ wool‚ silk‚ and synthetic fibres; common fuels‚ such as wood‚ coal‚ petroleum‚ and natural
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