DryLab - III 1. What experimental evidence leads scientist to believe that only quantized electron energy states exist in atoms Answer The evidence was the Niels Bohr experiment on Hydrogen gas that established a quantized model for electron orbits in atoms that effectively explained the spectroscopic behavior of the atoms. 2. a. what is the wavelength ranges of the visible spectrum for electromagnetic radiation Answer The ranges of visible spectrum for human eye is between 390 to 700nm
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Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp3 orbital of an alkyl group. CHCl3 (Chloroform: organic solvent) CF2Cl2 (Freon-12: refrigerant CFC) CF3CHClBr (Halothane: anesthetic) Halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon atoms‚ and so the C-Hal bond is polarized. H H μ C + C-l δ δ H The C-X bond is polarized in such a way that there is partial positive charge on the carbon and partial negative charge on the halogen. Dipole moment
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has to do with the outermost electron shells. Halogens are reactive because they only have seven electrons in their outermost shell and can gain another by reacting with atoms of other elements. A few examples of halogens are: fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine‚ iodine‚ and astatine. On the other hand alkali metals are extremely reactive because instead of gaining another electron like the halogens‚ alkali metals lose one or two electrons. Some examples of alkali metals are: lithium‚ sodium‚ potassium‚ rubidium
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The Periodic Table Notes History of the Periodic Table * Two main contributors * Dmitri Mendeleev * Henry Moseley Dmitri Mendeleev – Russian * 1869: published his periodic table with the 63 known elements * Arranged the first periodic table in order of increasing atomic masses Henry Moseley – British * 1913 revised Mendeleev’s periodic table * Today’s periodic table * Arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers What is the difference between Mendeleev’s
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1. SURFACE RUNOFF INTRODUCTION: Runoff means the draining or flowing off of precipitation from a catchment area through a surface channel enters into a stream channel. It is convenient to visualize three main routes of travel; overland flow (air hujan limpahanpermukaan)‚ interflow‚ and ground water flow (air dari punca bawah tanah). 1 Runoff results from rainfall occurrence in a hydrologic catchment. Rainfall-runoff relations are Interflow/subsurface and base flow/groundwater flow
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own colored paste without spending much time and money and by performing simple steps. That’s why this Science Investigatory Project can help students save their money instead of spending it in buying expensive and commercialized colored glue. In addition‚ this colored paste can be an additional source of income. It’s not just affordable; it’s also safe and non-toxic because the ingredients used are starch‚ water‚ natural dyes from plants and alum. Alum is used as preservative to prolong the shelf-life
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oxide which creates a bluish white. When Bismuth is red heat‚ near melting point‚ and put into water‚ the water quickly cools down the Bismuth without drastically raising in temperature. When bismuth reacts with Halogens‚ such as fluorine‚ chlorine bromine‚ iodine‚ and astatine‚ they create trihalides for
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|WEEK |LEARNING OBJECTIVES |LEARNING OUTCOMES |ACTIVITIES |REMARKS | |1 |FORM 4 ORIENTATION | | |4/1 – 6/1 |
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N10/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX 88106105 CHEMISTRY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Thursday 11 November 2010 (afternoon) Candidate session number 0 1 hour 15 minutes 0 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Section A: answer all of Section A in the spaces provided. Section B: answer one question from Section B. Write your answers on answer sheets. Write your session number
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PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS A solution is a mixture of materials‚ one of which is usually a fluid. A fluid is a material that flows‚ such as a liquid or a gas. The fluid of a solution is usually the solvent. The material other than the solvent is the solute. We say that we dissolve the solute into the solvent. Some solutions are so common to us that we give them a unique name. A solution of water and sugar is called syrup. A solution of sodium chloride (common table salt) in water is called brine
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