Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Concrete attacks 2 3. Alkali-Silica Reaction – ASR 3 4. Sulphate Attack 5 5. Reference List 8 1. Introduction This report was issued in order to provide an in depth understanding of how a surveyor can differentiate between Alkali-Silica Reaction and Sulphate attacks in concrete when inspecting a building. In order to satisfy the requirements for this report‚ the author will give a detailed description of both kind of attacks‚ different study areas
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Reinforced concrete is a strong‚ durable material that can be formed in too many varied shapes and sizes ranging from a simple rectangle column‚ to a slender curved dome or shell‚ its utility and versatility are achieved by combining the best features of concrete and steel. Its utility and versatility is achieved by combining the best features of concrete and steel. When combined‚ the steel is able to provide the tensile strength and probably some of the shear strength while the concrete‚ strong in
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Chapter I Introduction Concrete has been used in the construction industry for centuries. A typical concrete is a mixture of fine aggregate (sand)‚ coarse aggregate (rock)‚ cement‚ and water. Nowadays the usage of concrete is increasing from time to time due to the rapid development of construction industry.Today‚ there are many ways to enhance the quality and properties of concrete. One of the technological advances in improving the quality of concrete is Self-Consolidating Concrete. Self-Consolidating
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Investigation of carbonation profiles of a 60 years old carbonated concrete specimens subjected to re-alkalization M.O. Mohsen1‚* 1 College of Engineering‚ Qatar University‚ P.O. Box 2713‚ Doha‚ Qatar Re-alkalization method is an electrochemical treatment which is commonly used to repair carbonated concrete elements. This method prevents further reinforcement corrosion by increasing the PH of the element which results in maintaining the reinforcement passivation. In this paper‚ the re-alkalization
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to be conceived along the same antiquated lines of a mere transmission of knowledge‚ there is little to be hoped from it in the bettering of man’s future" -Maria Montessori- The objective of Montessori is to develop the concept first. By using concrete materials during the early‚ sensitive years‚ the Montessori child can learn the basic
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Assignment No.9 Rome Business School Q1 What are the three levels at which a product can be seen? In response‚ use a concrete example of product. The product is defined as a "thing produced by labor or effort or the "result of an act or a process"and stems from the verb produce from the Latin ’produce ’ which means to lead or bring forth ’. The first economic use of the word was by Adam Smith‚ known as the father of modern economics. -Kotler et al (1989) For marketers
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globalization in the construction of buildings and other structures. Concrete is the premier construction material across the world and the most widely used in all types of civil engineering works‚ including infrastructure‚ low and high-rise buildings‚ defense installations‚ environment protection and local/domestic developments (Parekh and Modhera‚ 2011). Aggregates is one of the constituents used in the production of conventional concrete and has become highly expensive and also scarce. The growing environmental
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power plants where pulverized coal is used for the as per the literature review GouravHYPERLINK "http://biblioteca.universia.net/autor/Gourav‚%20K.html"‚ Studies‚ 2007. Fly ash is being utilized in the blended cements‚ additive for concrete and manufacturing of concrete blocks and bricks. Fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks are being manufactured and marketed throughout the country. The literature review on fly ash-lime-gypsum (FALG) mixtures as intended to manufacture bricks or blocks for masonry applications
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1 STUDY OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE BEHAVIOUR Lightweight concrete can be defined as a type of concrete which includes an expanding agent in that it increases the volume of the mixture while giving additional qualities such as nailbility and lessened the dead weight. It is lighter than the conventional concrete. The use of lightweight concrete has been widely spread across countries such as USA‚ United Kingdom and Sweden. The main specialties of lightweight concrete are its low density and thermal
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Sol: 99% confidence interval‚ z distribution can be used N=100 ̅ ̅ ̅ √ √ 3. (9-58) An article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering (1999‚ Vol. 125‚ pp. 59–75) describes a study of the thermal inertia properties of autoclaved aerated concrete used as a building material. Five samples of the material were tested in a structure‚ and the average interior temperatures (°C) reported were as follows: 23.01‚ 22.22‚ 22.04‚ 22.62‚ and 22.59. a. (11 points)Test the hypotheses versus
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