steps were proclaimed The Rightly Guided Caliphs. They were Abu Bakr‚ ’Umar‚ Uthman and Ali‚ and were the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs‚ all of which were amongst the earliest and closest companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Each of these Caliphs contributed greatly to the development of Islam as well as the contradictory emergence of the Sunni and Shi’ite schism. Abu Bakr was the first of the four Caliphs and ruled from 632-634 A.C. Abu Bakr was unfortunate to have the burden of leadership placed on
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debar Pilgrims from Muhammad’s Call Attempts made to check the Onward March of Islam 2 Persecutions The House of Al-Arqum The First Migration to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) Quraish’s Machination against the Emigrants Once more Quraish approaches Abu Talib The Tyrants’ Decision to kill
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legal foundations. The caliphs continued to spread the moral teachings of the Qur’an over an ever-increasing territory. The First Caliph: Abu-Bakr Abu-Bakr‚ Muhammad’s close friend‚ took over as the active religious leader of Islam. In response to this‚ many tribes either left Islam‚ refused to pay their taxes‚ or began claiming they were prophets themselves. Abu-Bakr retaliated by using force to reassert authority to reunify the peninsula. He sent an expedition from Medina toward Syria. As Arabia was
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Contents Abdullah Ibn Abbas Abdullah Ibn Hudhafah As-Sahmi Abdullah Ibn Jahsh Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud Abdullah Ibn Sailam Abdullah Ibn Umar Abdullah Ibn Umm Maktum Abdur-Rahman Ibn Awf Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Abu Dujana Abu Musa Al-Ashari Abu Hurayrah Abu Sufyan Ibn Al-Harith Abu Ubaydah ibn Al-Jarrah Abu-d Dardaa Abu-l Aas ibn ar-Rabiah Adiyy Ibn Hatim Al-Baraa Ibn Malil Al-Ansari Amr Ibn Al-Jamuh An-Nuayman Ibn Amr An-Numan Ibn Muqarrin At-Tufayl Ibn Amr Ad-Dawsi Habib Ibn Zayd Al-Ansari
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Abdul Muttalib who passed away when the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was 8 years old. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) goes to live with his uncle Abu Talib Living with his uncle the prophet was kind‚ helpful‚ and well- behaved and began to work to earn a living. At 12 years his uncle took him on a trading trip to Syria were they met a Christian priest Bahira who told Abu Talib to take good care of the Prophet. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) wisdom When heavy rains destroyed the Ka’bah the tribe leaders began
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ISLAMIC BUSINESS ETHICS by Dr. Rafik Issa Beekun University of Nevada and Islamic Training Foundation November 01‚ 1996 Copyright © 1996‚ International Institute of Islamic Thought PO Box 669‚ Herndon‚ VA 20170 (703) 471-1133 Please do not reproduce or translate in any manner without the written permission of the International Institute of Islamic Thought Islamic Business Ethics Table of Contents DEFINING ETHICS FACTORS INFLUENCING ETHICAL BEHAVIOR IN ISLAM LEGAL INTERPRETATIONS
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paradise. They are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Sayyidunā Abū Bakr as-Siddīq rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Úmar al-Fārūq rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Úthmān Ibn Áffān rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Álī al-Murtadha rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Talha rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Zubayr rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Saád rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Sa’īd rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Ábdul Rahmān ibn Awf rađiyAllāhu ánhu Sayyidunā Abū Úbaydah rađiyAllāhu ánhu The following two Hadīths will prove this
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state that would later expand to include all of Arabia and lands beyond in Africa‚ Europe‚ the Middle East‚ and Central Asia. Muhammad’s father-in-law Abu Bakr took over leadership of the umma as the successor (caliph) of Muhammad. Abu Bakr faced two main tasks: standardization of the Islamic religion and consolidation of the Islamic state. Abu Bakr successfully re-established Muslim authority over the Arabs and oversaw the compilation and organization of the Quran in book form. Disagreements over
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individuals to recruit people for power and personal gains. Two people who are perfect examples of that are Governor George Wallace and Islamic State (ISIS) leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi. The “Segregation Now‚ Segregation Forever” speech by Governor George Wallace and the “A message to the Mujahidin and the Muslim Ummah” speech by Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi are speeches both leaders use to recruit new people towards their cause‚ as well as motivate the followers they already have. Governor Wallace talks on
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Origins Pre-Islamic Arabia the cultural and historical context for the development of Islam Before Muhammad‚ the Arabian Peninsula was inhabited by nomadic people (Bedouin). Arabia had many different faiths and was experiencing some clashes. Mainly pastoral agricultural practices took place. Central area was considered to be area around Mecca‚ which was Muhammad’s birthplace. Most important to people then was their family clan. Upholding clan’s reputation was vital. Term used by Muslims to
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