Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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THE COST AND SALES CONCEPT Cost is defined as a reduction in the value of an asset for the purpose of securing benefit or gain. Cost is defined in a hotel and restaurant as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. KINDS OF COSTS 1. Fixed costs – are those that are normally unaffected by changes in sales volume. They are said to have little direct relationship to the business volume because they do not change
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Advantages and disadvantages of variable costing Many managers use variable costing for internal reporting and decision making since it has number of advantages (Myers par. 1). First‚ on variable costing reports costs are organized by behavior which makes it easier to understand. Also‚ variable costing statements facilitate cost volume profit (CVP) analysis because it separates cost behavior by fixed and variable. Under variable costing‚ changes in inventory or production do not affect the
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Classification of Cost Cost may be classified into different categories depending upon the purpose of classification. Some of the important categories in which the costs are classified are as follows: 1. Fixed‚ Variable and Semi-Variable Costs The cost which varies directly in proportion with every increase or decrease in the volume of output or production is known as variable cost. Some of its examples are as follows: • Wages of laborers • Cost of direct material • Power The cost which does
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Teaching Notes FRESHDIRECT‚ AS OF OCTOBER‚ 2004 Case Uses & Objectives The FreshDirect case presents a strategy analysis and formulation problem in an entrepreneurial e-business environment. It provides students with a case that contains all the elements necessary to lead them through a course overview in a practical real-world setting. This case can be used to augment discussions of strategic analysis‚ specifically both internal and external environmental analysis (Chapters 2 & 3 in Dess‚ Lumpkin
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FOREIGN POLICY “Foreign Policy begins where domestic policy ends” (Henry Kissinger) INTRODUCTION Foreign Policy refers to the ways in which the central governments of sovereign states relate to each other and to the global system in order to achieve various goals or objectives. A country’s foreign policy is a set of political goals that seeks to outline how that particular country will interact with other countries of the world and‚ to a lesser extent‚ non-state actors. Foreign policies
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Journal article report An experiential‚ social-network based‚ approach to direct marketing By Palmer Adrien Mainstream print and broadcast media have faced major challenges in the recent years‚ with many newspapers facing closure and television channels suffering shortfalls in revenue. Audiences and attention is shifting to online channels. The proliferation of low-cost internet access opened up opportunities for companies to deal directly with millions of individual customers in a way that was
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accumulate manufacturing costs. The company’s work-in-process on December 31‚ 20x3‚ consisted of one job (no. 3088)‚ which was carried on the year-end balance sheet at $78‚400. There was no finished-goods inventory on this date. BBBC applies manufacturing overhead to production on the basis of direct-labor cost. Budgeted totals for 20x4 for direct labor and manufacturing overhead are $2‚100‚000 and $2‚730‚000‚ respectively. Actual results for the year follow. Direct material used .........
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different nations‚ take advantage of cheaper factor costs. Other forms of FDI: * Exporting: producing goods at home then shipping them to the receiving country for sale * Licensing: granting a foreign entity right to produce and sell the firm’s product in return for royalty fee on every unit sold Flip side of FDI: Horizontal direct investment: * FDI in the same industry abroad as company operates in at home. * Expensive‚ must bear costs of establishing production facilities in a foreign
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Due to globalization and hyper competition‚ it became crucial for the countries to engage in the global economy in order to survive and develop. One way to do so is through foreign direct investment. “Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests directly in production or other facilities in a foreign country over which it has effective control”. (Shenkar & Luo‚ 2007‚ p. 60). It provides benefits for the multinational enterprises investing in a
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